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the Holy Body

  • 1 the Holy Body

    the Holy Body
    Corpus Christi.

    English-Portuguese dictionary > the Holy Body

  • 2 Holy Synod (The governing body of a national Eastern church)

    Религия: Святой Синод

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Holy Synod (The governing body of a national Eastern church)

  • 3 body

    ['bodi] 1. plural - bodies; noun
    1) (the whole frame of a man or animal including the bones and flesh: Athletes have to look after their bodies.) corpo
    2) (a dead person: The battlefield was covered with bodies.) cadáver
    3) (the main part of anything: the body of the hall.) corpo
    4) (a mass: a huge body of evidence.) material
    5) (a group of persons acting as one: professional bodies.) organismo
    •
    2. adverb
    (by the entire (physical) body: They lifted him bodily and carried him off.) em peso
    - body language
    - bodywork
    * * *
    bod.y
    [b'ɔdi] n 1 corpo. 2 tronco. 3 parte principal, grosso, maioria. 4 grupo de pessoas, exército, formação militar. 5 pessoa. 6 cadáver. 7 massa. 8 substância, qualidade substancial. 9 consistência, densidade. 10 corpinho. 11 carroçaria, chassi. 12 corporação, sociedade. 13 matéria (em oposição a espírito). 14 Geom sólido. 15 Naut casco. 16 Aeron fuselagem. 17 contexto de documento ou jornal. • vt corporificar, dar substância a, dar corpo a. body of evidences Law conjunto de provas. body of type Typogr corpo de tipo. diplomatic body corpo diplomático. heavenly body corpo celeste. in a body em conjunto, de uma vez. main body Mil força principal, grosso da tropa. over my dead body só passando sobre o meu cadáver. solid body substância sólida, corpo sólido. the body politic o Estado. the heirs of my body os meus herdeiros diretos. the Holy Body Corpus Christi. to body forth representar, simbolizar. to keep body and soul together manter-se, sustentar-se, manter-se vivo. to own body and soul ter controle total sobre (alguém).

    English-Portuguese dictionary > body

  • 4 body and soul

    душой и телом, полностью, целиком

    While I was painting, beaming flashes of energy followed and impressed me. To have refused, in such circumstances, to devote oneself body and soul to painting would have been the sin against the Holy Ghost. (A. Huxley, ‘The Olive Tree’) — Когда я занимался живописью, я превращался в сгусток энергии. Это производило впечатление даже на меня самого. При подобных обстоятельствах не быть преданным живописи всей душой означало бы совершить смертный грех.

    Grace was still body and soul absorbed in the school. (M. Dickens, ‘The Heart of London’, part III) — Грейс с головой ушла в школьные дела.

    Large English-Russian phrasebook > body and soul

  • 5 Holy Synod

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Holy Synod

  • 6 Hadith Qudsi (Holy Tradition, in Islam, the sayings included in the body of Hadith but attributed to the God, Allah, and not to the Prophet Muhammad)

    Религия: ал-хадис ал-кудси

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Hadith Qudsi (Holy Tradition, in Islam, the sayings included in the body of Hadith but attributed to the God, Allah, and not to the Prophet Muhammad)

  • 7 canon (An authoritative list of books accepted as Holy Scripture; the authentic works of a writer; a sanctioned or accepted group or body of related works)

    Религия: список книг, признанных в качестве Священного Писания

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > canon (An authoritative list of books accepted as Holy Scripture; the authentic works of a writer; a sanctioned or accepted group or body of related works)

  • 8 πνεῦμα

    πνεῦμα, ατος, τό (πνέω; Aeschyl., Pre-Socr., Hdt.+. On the history of the word s. Rtzst., Mysterienrel.3 308ff).
    ① air in movement, blowing, breathing (even the glowing exhalations of a volcanic crater: Diod S 5, 7, 3)
    ⓐ wind (Aeschyl. et al.; LXX, EpArist, Philo; Jos., Ant. 2, 343; 349; SibOr 8, 297) in wordplay τὸ πνεῦμα πνεῖ the wind blows J 3:8a (EpJer 60 πνεῦμα ἐν πάσῃ χώρᾳ πνεῖ. But s. TDonn, ET 66, ’54f, 32; JThomas, Restoration Qtrly 24, ’81, 219–24). ὀθόνη πλοίου ὑπὸ πνεύματος πληρουμένη MPol 15:2. Of God ὁ ποιῶν τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ πνεύματα who makes his angels winds Hb 1:7; 1 Cl 36:3 (both Ps 103:4).
    ⓑ the breathing out of air, blowing, breath (Aeschyl. et al.; Pla., Tim. 79b; LXX) ὁ ἄνομος, ὅν ὁ κύριος Ἰησοῦς ἀνελεῖ τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ 2 Th 2:8 (cp. Is 11:4; Ps 32:6).
    ② that which animates or gives life to the body, breath, (life-)spirit (Aeschyl. et al.; Phoenix of Colophon 1, 16 [Coll. Alex. p. 231] πν.=a breathing entity [in contrast to becoming earth in death]; Polyb. 31, 10, 4; Ps.-Aristot., De Mundo 4 p. 394b, 8ff; PHib 5, 54 [III B.C.]; PGM 4, 538; 658; 2499; LXX; TestAbr A 17 p. 98, 19 [Stone p. 44] al.; JosAs 19:3; SibOr 4, 46; Tat. 4:2) ἀφιέναι τὸ πνεῦμα give up one’s spirit, breathe one’s last (Eur., Hec. 571; Porphyr., Vi. Plotini 2) Mt 27:50. J says for this παραδιδόναι τὸ πν. 19:3 (cp. ApcMos 31 ἀποδῶ τὸ πν.; Just., D. 105, 5). Of the return of the (life-)spirit of a deceased person into her dead body ἐπέστρεψεν τὸ πν. αὐτῆς Lk 8:55 (cp. Jdg 15:19). εἰς χεῖράς σου παρατίθεμαι τὸ πν. μου into your hands I entrust my spirit 23:46 (Ps 30:6; for alleged focus on ἐλπίζειν s. EBons, BZ 38, ’94, 93–101). κύριε Ἰησοῦ, δέξαι τὸ πνεῦμά μου Ac 7:59; composite of both passages AcPl Ha 10, 23 (cp. ApcMos 42). τὸ πν. μου ὁ δεσπότης δέξεται GJs 23:3 (on the pneuma flying upward after death cp. Epicharm. in Vorsokrat. 23 [=13, 4th ed.], B 9 and 22; Eur., Suppl. 533 πνεῦμα μὲν πρὸς αἰθέρα, τὸ σῶμα δʼ ἐς γῆν; PGM 1, 177ff τελευτήσαντός σου τὸ σῶμα περιστελεῖ, σοῦ δὲ τὸ πνεῦμα … εἰς ἀέρα ἄξει σὺν αὑτῷ ‘when you are dead [the angel] will wrap your body … and take your spirit with him into the sky’). τὸ σῶμα χωρὶς πν. νεκρόν ἐστιν Js 2:26. πν. ζωῆς ἐκ τ. θεοῦ εἰσῆλθεν ἐν αὐτοῖς (i.e. the prophet-witnesses who have been martyred) Rv 11:11 (cp. Ezk 37:10 v.l. εἰσῆλθεν εἰς αὐτοὺς πνεῦμα ζωῆς; vs. 5). Of the spirit that animated the image of a beast, and enabled it to speak and to have Christians put to death 13:15.—After a person’s death, the πν. lives on as an independent being, in heaven πνεύματα δικαὶων τετελειωμένων Hb 12:23 (cp. Da 3:86 εὐλογεῖτε, πνεύματα καὶ ψυχαὶ δικαίων, τὸν κύριον). According to non-biblical sources, the πν. are in the netherworld (cp. En 22:3–13; Sib Or 7, 127) or in the air (PGM 1, 178), where evil spirits can prevent them from ascending higher (s. ἀήρ2b). τοῖς ἐν φυλακῇ πνεύμασιν πορευθεὶς ἐκήρυξεν 1 Pt 3:19 belongs here if it refers to Jesus’ preaching to the spirits of the dead confined in Hades (so Usteri et al.; s. also JMcCulloch, The Harrowing of Hell, 1930), whether it be when he descended into Hades, or when he returned to heaven (so RBultmann, Bekenntnis u. Liedfragmente im 1 Pt: ConNeot11, ’47, 1–14).—CClemen, Niedergefahren zu den Toten 1900; JTurmel, La Descente du Christ aux enfers 1905; JMonnier, La Descente aux enfers 1906; HHoltzmann, ARW 11, 1908, 285–97; KGschwind, Die Niederfahrt Christi in die Unterwelt 1911; DPlooij, De Descensus in 1 Pt 3:19 en 4:6: TT 47, 1913, 145–62; JBernard, The Descent into Hades a Christian Baptism (on 1 Pt 3:19ff): Exp. 8th ser., 11, 1916, 241–74; CSchmidt, Gespräche Jesu mit seinen Jüngern: TU 43, 1919, 452ff; JFrings, BZ 17, 1926, 75–88; JKroll, Gott u. Hölle ’32; RGanschinietz, Katabasis: Pauly-W. X/2, 1919, 2359–449; Clemen2 89–96; WBieder, Die Vorstellung v. d. Höllenfahrt Jesu Chr. ’49; SJohnson, JBL 79, ’60, 48–51; WDalton, Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits ’65. S. also the lit. in Windisch, Hdb.2 1930, exc. on 1 Pt 3:20; ESelwyn, The First Ep. of St. Peter ’46 and 4c below.—This is prob. also the place for θανατωθεὶς μὲν σαρκὶ ζωοποιηθεὶς δὲ πνεύματι• ἐν ᾧ καὶ … 1 Pt 3:18f (some mss. read πνεύματι instead of πνεύμασιν in vs. 19, evidently in ref. to the manner of Jesus’ movement; πνεῦμα is that part of Christ which, in contrast to σάρξ, did not pass away in death, but survived as an individual entity after death; s. ἐν 7). Likew. the contrast κατὰ σάρκα … κατὰ πνεῦμα Ro 1:3f. Cp. 1 Ti 3:16.
    ③ a part of human personality, spirit
    ⓐ when used with σάρξ, the flesh, it denotes the immaterial part 2 Cor 7:1; Col 2:5. Flesh and spirit=the whole personality, in its outer and inner aspects, oft. in Ign.: IMg 1:2; 13:1a; ITr ins; 12:1; IRo ins; ISm 1:1; IPol 5:1; AcPl Ant 13, 18 (=Aa I 237, 3).—In the same sense beside σῶμα, the body (Simplicius, In Epict. p. 50, 1; Ps.-Phoc. 106f; PGM 1, 178) 1 Cor 5:3–5; 7:34.—The inner life of humans is divided into ψυχὴ καὶ πνεῦμα (cp. Ps.-Pla., Axioch. 10 p. 370c τὶ θεῖον ὄντως ἐνῆν πνεῦμα τῇ ψυχῇ=a divine spirit was actually in the soul; Wsd 15:11; Jos., Ant. 1, 34; Tat. 13, 2; 15, 1 et al.; Ath. 27, 1. S. also Herm. Wr. 10, 13; 16f; PGM 4, 627; 630. ἐκ τριῶν συνεστάναι λέγουσι τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἐκ ψυχῆς καὶ σώματος καὶ πνεύματος Did., Gen. 55, 14) Hb 4:12. Cp. Phil 1:27. τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ ἡ ψυχὴ καὶ τὸ σῶμα 1 Th 5:23 (s. GMilligan, Thess. 1908, 78f; EvDobschütz in Meyer X7 1909, 230ff; EBurton, Spirit, Soul, and Flesh 1918; AFestugière, La Trichotomie des 1 Th 5:23 et la Philos. gr.: RSR 20, 1930, 385–415; CMasson, RTP 33, ’45, 97–102; FGrant, An Introd. to NT Thought ’50, 161–66). σαρκί, ψυχῇ, πνεύματι IPhld 11:2.
    ⓑ as the source and seat of insight, feeling, and will, gener. as the representative part of human inner life (cp. PGM 4, 627; 3 Km 20:5; Sir 9:9 al.; Just., D. 30, 1; Did., Gen. 232, 5) ἐπιγνοὺς ὁ Ἰησοῦς τῷ πν. αὐτοῦ Mk 2:8. ἀναστενάξας τῷ πν. αὐτοῦ λέγει 8:12 (s. ἀναστενάζω). ἠγαλλίασεν τὸ πν. μου Lk 1:47 (in parallelism w. ψυχή vs. 46, as Sir 9:9). ἠγαλλιάσατο τῷ πν. 10:21 v.l., Ἰησοῦς ἐνεβριμήσατο τῷ πν. J 11:33 (s. ἐμβριμάομαι 3); Ἰης. ἐταράχθη τῷ πν. 13:21. παρωξύνετο τὸ πν. αὐτοῦ ἐν αὐτῷ Ac 17:16; ζέων τῷ πν. with spirit-fervor 18:25 (s. ζέω). τὸ παιδίον ἐκραταιοῦτο πνεύματι Lk 1:80; 2:40 v.l.; ἔθετο ὁ Παῦλος ἐν τῷ πν. Paul made up his mind Ac 19:21 (some would put this pass. in 6c, but cp. Lk 1:66 and analogous formulations Hom. et al. in L-S-J-M s.v. τίθημι A6). προσκυνήσουσιν τῷ πατρὶ ἐν πνεύματι of the spiritual, i.e. the pure, inner worship of God, that has nothing to do w. holy times, places, appurtenances, or ceremonies J 4:23; cp. vs. 24b. πν. συντετριμμένον (Ps 50:19) 1 Cl 18:17; 52:4.—2 Cl 20:4; Hv 3, 12, 2; 3, 13, 2.—This usage is also found in Paul. His conviction (s. 5 below) that the Christian possesses the (divine) πνεῦμα and thus is different fr. all other people, leads him to choose this word in preference to others, in order to characterize a believer’s inner being gener. ᾧ λατρεύω ἐν τῷ πν. μου Ro 1:9. οὐκ ἔσχηκα ἄνεσιν τῷ πν. μου 2 Cor 2:13. Cp. 7:13. As a matter of fact, it can mean simply a person’s very self or ego: τὸ πνεῦμα συμμαρτυρεῖ τῷ πνεύματι ἡμῶν the Spirit (of God) bears witness to our very self Ro 8:16 (cp. PGM 12, 327 ἠκούσθη μου τὸ πνεῦμα ὑπὸ πνεύματος οὐρανοῦ). ἀνέπαυσαν τὸ ἐμὸν πν. καὶ τὸ ὑμῶν they have refreshed both me and you 1 Cor 16:18. ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰ. Χρ. μετά τοῦ πν. (ὑμῶν) Gal 6:18; Phil 4:23; Phlm 25. Cp. 2 Ti 4:22. Likew. in Ign. τὸ ἐμὸν πν. my (unworthy) self IEph 18:1; IRo 9:3; cp. 1 Cor 2:11a—On the relation of the divine Spirit to the believer’s spiritual self, s. SWollenweider, Der Geist Gottes als Selbst der Glaubenden: ZTK 93, ’96, 163–92.—Only a part of the inner life, i.e. that which concerns the will, is meant in τὸ μὲν πνεῦμα πρόθυμον, ἡ δὲ σὰρξ ἀσθενής Mt 26:41; Mk 14:38; Pol 7:2. That which is inferior, anxiety, fear of suffering, etc. is attributed to the σάρξ.—The mng. of the expr. οἱ πτωχοὶ τῷ πνεύματι Mt 5:3 is difficult to determine w. certainty (cp. Pla., Ep. 7, 335a πένης ἀνὴρ τὴν ψυχήν. The dat. as τῇ ψυχῇ M. Ant. 6, 52; 8, 51). The sense is prob. those who are poor in their inner life, because they do not have a misdirected pride in their own spiritual riches (s. AKlöpper, Über den Sinn u. die ursprgl. Form der ersten Seligpreisung der Bergpredigt bei Mt: ZWT 37, 1894, 175–91; RKabisch, Die erste Seligpreisung: StKr 69, 1896, 195–215; KKöhler, Die ursprgl. Form der Seligpreisungen: StKr 91, 1918, 157–92; JBoehmer, De Schatkamer 17, 1923, 11–16, TT [Copenhagen] 4, 1924, 195–207, JBL 45, 1926, 298–304; WMacgregor, ET 39, 1928, 293–97; VMacchioro, JR 12, ’32, 40–49; EEvans, Theology 47, ’44, 55–60; HLeisegang, Pneuma Hagion 1922, 134ff; Betz, SM 116 n. 178 for Qumran reff.).
    ⓒ spiritual state, state of mind, disposition ἐν ἀγάπῃ πνεύματί τε πραΰτητος with love and a gentle spirit 1 Cor 4:21; cp. Gal 6:1. τὸ πν. τοῦ νοὸς ὑμῶν Eph 4:23 (s. νοῦς 2a). ἐν τῷ ἀφθάρτῳ τοῦ ἡσυχίου πνεύματος with the imperishable (gift) of a quiet disposition 1 Pt 3:4.
    ④ an independent noncorporeal being, in contrast to a being that can be perceived by the physical senses, spirit (ELangton, Good and Evil Spirits ’42).
    ⓐ God personally: πνεῦμα ὁ θεός J 4:24a (Ath. 16, 2; on God as a spirit, esp. in the Stoa, s. MPohlenz, D. Stoa ’48/49. Hdb. ad loc. Also Celsus 6, 71 [Stoic]; Herm. Wr. 18, 3 ἀκάματον μέν ἐστι πνεῦμα ὁ θεός).
    ⓑ good, or at least not expressly evil spirits or spirit-beings (cp. CIG III, 5858b δαίμονες καὶ πνεύματα; Proclus on Pla., Cratyl. p. 69, 6; 12 Pasqu.; En 15:4; 6; 8; 10; TestAbr A 4 p. 81, 15f [Stone p. 10, 15f] πάντα τὰ ἐπουράνια πνεύματα; TestAbr B 13 p. 117, 26 [Stone p. 82] ὑψηλὸν πν.; PGM 3, 8 ἐπικαλοῦμαί σε, ἱερὸν πνεῦμα; 4, 1448; 3080; 12, 249) πνεῦμα w. ἄγγελος (cp. Jos., Ant. 4, 108; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 3, 33; 8, 12) Ac 23:8f. God is ὁ παντὸς πνεύματος κτίστης καὶ ἐπίσκοπος 1 Cl 59:3b.—Pl., God the μόνος εὐεργέτης πνεύματων 1 Cl 59:3a. Cp. 64 (s. on this Num 16:22; 27:16. Prayers for vengeance fr. Rheneia [Dssm., LO 351–55=LAE 423ff=SIG 1181, 2] τὸν θεὸν τὸν κύριον τῶν πνευμάτων; PGM 5, 467 θεὸς θεῶν, ὁ κύριος τῶν πν.; sim. the magic pap PWarr 21, 24; 26 [III A.D.]); the πατὴρ τῶν πνευμάτων Hb 12:9. Intermediary beings (in polytheistic terminology: δαίμονες) that serve God are called λειτουργικὰ πνεύματα Hb 1:14. In Rv we read of the ἑπτὰ πνεύματα (τοῦ θεοῦ) 1:4; 3:1; 4:5; 5:6; s. ASkrinjar, Biblica 16, ’35, 1–24; 113–40.— Ghost Lk 24:37, 39.
    ⓒ evil spirits (PGM 13, 798; 36, 160; TestJob 27, 2; ApcSed [both Satan]; AscIs 3:28; Just., D. 39, 6 al.; Ath. 25, 3), esp. in accounts of healing in the Synoptics: (τὸ) πνεῦμα (τὸ) ἀκάθαρτον (Just., D. 82, 3) Mt 12:43; Mk 1:23, 26; 3:30; 5:2, 8; 7:25; 9:25a; Lk 8:29; 9:42; 11:24; Rv 18:2. Pl. (TestBenj 5:2) Mt 10:1; Mk 1:27; 3:11; 5:13; 6:7; Lk 4:36; 6:18; Ac 5:16; 8:7; Rv 16:13; ending of Mk in the Freer ms.—τὸ πν. τὸ πονηρόν Ac 19:15f. Pl. (En 99:7; TestSim 4:9; 6:6, TestJud 16:1; Just., D. 76, 6) Lk 7:21; 8:2; Ac 19:12f.—πν. ἄλαλον Mk 9:17; cp. vs. 25b (s. ἄλαλος). πν. πύθων Ac 16:16 (s. πύθων). πν. ἀσθενείας Lk 13:11. Cp. 1 Ti 4:1b. πνεῦμα δαιμονίου ἀκαθάρτου (s. δαιμόνιον 2) Lk 4:33. πνεύματα δαιμονίων Rv 16:14 (in effect = personified ‘exhalations’ of evil powers; for the combination of πν. and δαιμ. cp. the love spell Sb 4324, 16f τὰ πνεύματα τῶν δαιμόνων τούτων).—Abs. of a harmful spirit Mk 9:20; Lk 9:39; Ac 16:18. Pl. Mt 8:16; 12:45; Lk 10:20; 11:26.—1 Pt 3:19 (s. 2 above) belongs here if the πνεύματα refer to hostile spirit-powers, evil spirits, fallen angels (so FSpitta, Christi Predigt an die Geister 1890; HGunkel, Zum religionsgesch. Verständnis des NT 1903, 72f; WBousset, ZNW 19, 1920, 50–66; Rtzst., Herr der Grösse 1919, 25ff; Knopf, Windisch, FHauck ad loc.; BReicke, The Disobedient Spirits and Christian Baptism ’46, esp. 54–56, 69).—Hermas also has the concept of evil spirits that lead an independent existence, and live and reign within the inner life of a pers.; the Holy Spirit, who also lives or would like to live there, is forced out by them (cp. TestDan 4) Hm 5, 1, 2–4; 5, 2, 5–8; 10, 1, 2. τὸ πν. τὸ ἅγιον … ἕτερον πονηρὸν πν. 5, 1, 2. These πνεύματα are ὀξυχολία 5, 1, 3; 5, 2, 8 (τὸ πονηρότατον πν.); 10, 1, 2; διψυχία 9:11 (ἐπίγειον πν. ἐστι παρὰ τοῦ διαβόλου); 10, 1, 2; λύπη 10, 1, 2 (πάντων τῶν πνευμάτων πονηροτέρα) and other vices. On the complicated pneuma-concept of the Mandates of Hermas s. MDibelius, Hdb. exc. on Hm 5, 2, 7; cp. Leutzsch, Hermas 453f n. 133.
    ⑤ God’s being as controlling influence, with focus on association with humans, Spirit, spirit as that which differentiates God fr. everything that is not God, as the divine power that produces all divine existence, as the divine element in which all divine life is carried on, as the bearer of every application of the divine will. All those who belong to God possess or receive this spirit and hence have a share in God’s life. This spirit also serves to distinguish Christians fr. all unbelievers (cp. PGM 4, 1121ff, where the spirit is greeted as one who enters devotees and, in accordance w. God’s will, separates them fr. themselves, i.e. fr. the purely human part of their nature); for this latter aspect s. esp. 6 below.
    ⓐ the Spirit of God, of the Lord (=God) etc. (LXX; TestSim 4:4; JosAs 8:11; ApcSed 14:6; 15:6; ApcMos 43; SibOr 3, 701; Ps.-Phoc. 106; Philo; Joseph. [s. c below]; apolog. Cp. Plut., Numa 4, 6 πνεῦμα θεοῦ, capable of begetting children; s. παρθένος a) τὸ πν. τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Cor 2:11b, 14; 3:16; 6:11; 1J 4:2a (Just., D. 49, 3; Tat. 13, 3; Ath. 22, 3). τὸ τοῦ θεοῦ πν. 1 Pt 4:14 (Just., A I, 60, 6). τὸ πν. τὸ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Cor 2:12b. τὸ πν. κυρίου Ac 5:9; B 6:14; B 9:2 (cp. Mel., P. 32, 222). τὸ πνεῦμά μου or αὐτοῦ: Mt 12:18 (Is 42:1); Ac 2:17f (Jo 3:1f.—Cp. 1QS 4:21); 1 Cor 2:10a v.l.; Eph 3:16; 1 Th 4:8 (where τὸ ἅγιον is added); 1J 4:13.—τὸ πν. τοῦ πατρὸς ὑμῶν Mt 10:20. τὸ πν. τοῦ ἐγείραντος τὸν Ἰησοῦν Ro 8:11a.—Without the art. πν. θεοῦ (JosAs 4:9; Tat. 15:3; Theoph. Ant. 1, 5 [p. 66, 18]) the Spirit of God Mt 3:16; 12:28; Ro 8:9b, 14, 19; 1 Cor 7:40; 12:3a; 2 Cor 3:3 (πν. θεοῦ ζῶντος); Phil 3:3. πν. κυρίου Lk 4:18 (Is 61:1); Ac 8:39 (like J 3:8; 20:22; Ac 2:4, this pass. belongs on the borderline betw. the mngs. ‘wind’ and ‘spirit’; cp. Diod S 3, 60, 3 Ἕσπερον ἐξαίφνης ὑπὸ πνευμάτων συναρπαγέντα μεγάλων ἄφαντον γενέσθαι ‘Hesperus [a son of Atlas] was suddenly snatched by strong winds and vanished fr. sight’. S. HLeisegang, Der Hl. Geist I 1, 1919, 19ff; OCullmann, TZ. 4, ’48, 364); 1 Cl 21:2.
    ⓑ the Spirit of Christ, of the Lord (=Christ) etc. τὸ πν. Ἰησοῦ Ac 16:7. τὸ πν. Χριστοῦ AcPlCor 2:32. τὸ ἐν αὐτοῖς πν. Χριστοῦ 1 Pt 1:11. πν. Χριστοῦ Ro 8:9c. πν. τοῦ Χριστοῦ AcPl Ha 8, 18. ἀπὸ τοῦ πν. τοῦ χριστοῦ AcPlCor 2:10. τὸ πν. Ἰης. Χριστοῦ Phil 1:19. τὸ πν. κυρίου 2 Cor 3:17b (JHermann, Kyrios und Pneuma, ’61). τὸ πν. τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ (=θεοῦ) Gal 4:6. As possessor of the divine Spirit, and at the same time controlling its distribution among humans, Christ is called κύριος πνεύματος Lord of the Spirit 2 Cor 3:18 (s. Windisch ad loc.); but many prefer to transl. from the Lord who is the Spirit.—CMoule, OCullmann Festschr., ’72, 231–37.
    ⓒ Because of its heavenly origin and nature this Spirit is called (the) Holy Spirit (cp. PGM 4, 510 ἵνα πνεύσῃ ἐν ἐμοὶ τὸ ἱερὸν πνεῦμα.—Neither Philo nor Josephus called the Spirit πν. ἅγιον; the former used θεῖον or θεοῦ πν., the latter πν. θεῖον: Ant. 4, 118; 8, 408; 10, 239; but ἅγιον πνεῦμα Orig. C. Cels 1, 40, 16).
    α. w. the art. τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον (Is 63:10f; Ps 50:13; 142:10 v.l.; cp. Sus 45 Theod.; TestAbr A 4 p. 81, 10 [Stone p. 10]; JosAs 8:11 [codd. ADE]; AscIs 3, 15, 26; Just., D. 36, 6 al.) Mt 12:32 = Mk 3:29 = Lk 12:10 (τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα; on the ‘sin against the Holy Spirit’ s. HLeisegang, Pneuma Hagion 1922, 96–112; AFridrichsen, Le péché contre le Saint-Esprit: RHPR 3, 1923, 367–72). Mk 12:36; 13:11; Lk 2:26; 3:22; 10:21; J 14:26; Ac 1:16; 2:33; 5:3, 32; 7:51; 8:18 v.l.; 10:44, 47; 11:15; 13:2; 15:8, 28; 19:6; 20:23, 28; 21:11; 28:25; Eph 1:13 (τὸ πν. τῆς ἐπαγγελίας τὸ ἅγιον); 4:30 (τὸ πν. τὸ ἅγιον τοῦ θεοῦ); Hb 3:7; 9:8; 10:15; 1 Cl 13:1; 16:2; 18:11 (Ps 50:13); 22:1; IEph 9:1; Hs 5, 5, 2; 5, 6, 5–7 (on the relationship of the Holy Spirit to the Son in Hermas s. ALink, Christi Person u. Werk im Hirten des Hermas 1886; JvWalter, ZNW 14, 1913, 133–44; MDibelius, Hdb. exc. following Hs 5, 6, 8 p. 572–76).—τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα (Wsd 9:17; OdeSol 11:2; TestJob 51:2; ApcEsdr 7:16; Just. D. 25, 1 al.) Mt 28:19; Lk 12:10 (s. above), 12; Ac 1:8; 2:38 (epexegetic gen.); 4:31; 9:31; 10:45; 13:4; 16:6; 1 Cor 6:19; 2 Cor 13:13; 1J 5:7 v.l. (on the Comma Johanneum s. λόγο 3); GJs 24:4 (s. χρηματίζω 1bα). As the mother of Jesus GHb 20, 61 (HLeisegang, Pneuma Hagion 1922, 64ff; SHirsch, D. Vorstellg. v. e. weibl. πνεῦμα ἅγ. im NT u. in d. ältesten christl. Lit. 1927. Also WBousset, Hauptprobleme der Gnosis 1907, 9ff).
    β. without the art. (s. B-D-F §257, 2; Rob. 761; 795) πνεῦμα ἅγιον (PGM 3, 289; Da 5:12 LXX; PsSol 17:37; AssMos Fgm. b; Just., D. 4, 1 al.; Ath. 24, 1. S. also Da Theod. 4:8, 9, 18 θεοῦ πνεῦμα ἅγιον or πνεῦμα θεοῦ ἅγιον) Mk 1:8; Lk 1:15, 35, 41, 67; 2:25; 4:1; 11:13; J 20:22 (Cassien, La pentecôte johannique [J 20:19–23] ’39.—See also 1QS 4:20f); Ac 2:4a; 4:8; 7:55; 8:15, 17, 19; 9:17; 10:38; 11:24; 13:9; 19:2ab; Hb 2:4; 6:4; 1 Pt 1:12 v.l.; 1 Cl 2:2; AcPl 6:18; 9:4 (restored after Aa I 110, 11); AcPlCor 2:5.—So oft. in combination w. a prep.: διὰ πνεύματος ἁγίου Ac 1:2; 4:25; Ro 5:5; 2 Ti 1:14; 1 Cl 8:1 (cp. διὰ πν. αἰωνίου Hb 9:14). διὰ φωνῆς πν. ἁγίου AcPl Ha 11, 6. ἐκ πνεύματος ἁγίου (Eus., PE 3, 12, 3 of the Egyptians: ἐκ τ. πνεύματος οἴονται συλλαμβάνειν τὸν γῦπα. Here πνεῦμα= ‘wind’; s. Horapollo 1, 11 p. 14f. The same of other birds since Aristot.—On the neut. πνεῦμα as a masc. principle cp. Aristoxenus, Fgm. 13 of the two original principles: πατέρα μὲν φῶς, μητέρα δὲ σκότος) Mt 1:18, 20; IEph 18:2; GJs 14:2; 19:1 (pap). ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ (PsSol 17:37; ApcZeph; Ar. 15, 1) Mt 3:11; Mk 1:8 v.l.; Lk 3:16; J 1:33b; Ac 1:5 (cp. 1QS 3:7f); 11:16; Ro 9:1; 14:17; 15:16; 1 Cor 12:3b; 2 Cor 6:6; 1 Th 1:5; 1 Pt 1:12 (without ἐν v.l.); Jd 20. ὑπὸ πνεύματος ἁγίου 2 Pt 1:21. Cp. ἐν δυνάμει πνεύματος ἁγίου Ro 15:13, 19 v.l. (for πνεύματος θεοῦ). μετὰ χαρᾶς πνεύματος ἁγίου 1 Th 1:6. διὰ ἀνακαινώσεως πνεύματος ἁγίου Tit 3:5.
    ⓓ abs.
    α. w. the art. τὸ πνεῦμα. In this connection the art. is perh. used anaphorically at times, w. the second mention of a word (s. B-D-F §252; Rob. 762); perh. Mt 12:31 (looking back to vs. 28 πν. θεοῦ); Mk 1:10, 12 (cp. vs. 8 πν. ἅγιον); Lk 4:1b, 14 (cp. vs. 1a); Ac 2:4b (cp. vs. 4a).—As a rule it is not possible to assume that anaphora is present: Mt 4:1; J 1:32, 33a; 3:6a, 8b (in wordplay), 34; 7:39a; Ac 8:29; 10:19; 11:12, 28; 19:1 D; 20:3 D, 22; 21:4; Ro 8:23 (ἀπαρχή 1bβ; 2), 26a, 27; 12:11; 15:30; 2 Cor 1:22 and 5:5 (KErlemann, ZNW 83, ’92, 202–23, and s. ἀρραβών); 12:18 (τῷ αὐτῷ πν.); Gal 3:2, 5, 14 (ἐπαγγελία 1bβ); Eph 4:3 (gen. of the author); 6:17 (perh. epexegetic gen.); 1 Ti 4:1a; Js 4:5; 1J 3:24; 5:6ab (some mss. add καὶ πνεύματος to the words διʼ ὕδατος κ. αἵματος at the beg. of the verse; this is approved by HvSoden, Moffatt, Vogels, Merk, and w. reservations by CDodd, The Joh. Epistles ’46, TManson, JTS 48, ’47, 25–33), vs. 8; Rv 2:7, 11, 17, 29; 3:6, 13, 22; 14:13; 22:17; B 19:2, B 7= D 4:10 (s. ἐτοιμάζω b). ἐν τῷ πνεύματι (led) by the Spirit Lk 2:27.—Paul links this Spirit of God, known to every Christian, with Christ as liberating agent in contrast to legal constraint ὁ κύριος τὸ πνεῦμα ἐστιν the Lord means Spirit 2 Cor 3:17a (UHolzmeister, 2 Cor 3:17 Dominus autem Spiritus est 1908; JNisius, Zur Erklärung v. 2 Cor 3:16ff: ZKT 40, 1916, 617–75; JKögel, Ὁ κύριος τὸ πνεῦμά ἐστιν: ASchlatter Festschr. 1922, 35–46; C Guignebert, Congr. d’Hist. du Christ. II 1928, 7–22; EFuchs, Christus u. d. Geist b. Pls ’32; HHughes, ET 45, ’34, 235f; CLattey, Verb. Dom. 20, ’40, 187–89; DGriffiths ET 55, ’43, 81–83; HIngo, Kyrios und Pneuma, ’61 [Paul]; JDunn, JTS 21, ’70, 309–20).
    β. without the art. πνεῦμα B 1:3. κοινωνία πνεύματος Phil 2:1 (κοινωνία 1 and 2). πνεύματι in the Spirit or through the Spirit Gal 3:3; 5:5, 16, 18; 1 Pt 4:6. εἰ ζῶμεν πνεύματι, πνεύματι καὶ στοιχῶμεν if we live by the Spirit, let us also walk by the Spirit Gal 5:25. Freq. used w. a prep.: διὰ πνεύματος 1 Pt 1:22 v.l. ἐξ (ὕδατος καὶ) πνεύματος J 3:5. ἐν πνεύματι in, by, through the Spirit Mt 22:43; Eph 2:22; 3:5; 5:18; 6:18; Col 1:8 (ἀγάπη ἐν πνεύματι love called forth by the Spirit); B 9:7. κατὰ πνεῦμα Ro 8:4f; Gal 4:29. ἐν ἁγιασμῷ πνεύματος 2 Th 2:13; 1 Pt 1:2 (s. ἁγιασμός).—In neg. expressions: οὔπω ἧν πνεῦμα the Spirit had not yet come J 7:39b. ψυχικοὶ πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες worldly people, who do not have the Spirit Jd 19.—ἓν πνεῦμα one and the same Spirit 1 Cor 12:13; Eph 2:18; 4:4; one (in) Spirit 1 Cor 6:17.
    ⓔ The Spirit is more closely defined by a gen. of thing: τὸ πν. τῆς ἀληθείας (TestJud 20:5) J 14:17; 15:26; 16:13 (in these three places the Spirit of Truth is the Paraclete promised by Jesus upon his departure); 1J 4:6 (opp. τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς πλάνης, as TestJud 20:1; PsSol 8:14 πλ. πλανήσεως; Just., D. 7, 3 πλάνου καὶ ἀκαθάρτου πνεύματος; cp. 1QS 4:23); τὸ τῆς δόξης πν. 1 Pt 4:14. τὸ πν. τῆς ζωῆς the Spirit of life Ro 8:2. το πν. τῆς πίστεως 2 Cor 4:13. πν. σοφίας καὶ ἀποκαλύψεως Eph 1:17 (cp. Just., D. 87, 4). πν. υἱοθεσίας Ro 8:15b (opp. πν. δουλείας vs. 15a). πν. δυνάμεως AcPl Ha 8, 25. πν. δυνάμεως καὶ ἀγάπης καὶ σωφρονισμοῦ 2 Ti 1:7 (opp. πν. δειλίας). τὸ πν. τῆς χάριτος (s. TestJud 24:2) Hb 10:29 (Zech 12:10); cp. 1 Cl 46:6.
    ⓕ Of Christ ‘it is written’ in Scripture: (ἐγένετο) ὁ ἔσχατος Ἀδὰμ εἰς πνεῦμα ζῳοποιοῦν 1 Cor 15:45. The scripture pass. upon which the first part of this verse is based is Gen 2:7, where Wsd 15:11 also substitutes the words πνεῦμα ζωτικόν for πνοὴν ζωῆς (cp. Just., D. 6, 2). On the other hand, s. Philo, Leg. All. 1, 42 and s. the lit. s.v. Ἀδάμ ad loc.
    ⓖ The (divine) Pneuma stands in contrast to everything that characterizes this age or the finite world gener.: οὐ τὸ πν. τοῦ κόσμου ἀλλὰ τὸ πν. τὸ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Cor 2:12; cp. Eph 2:2 and 1 Ti 4:1ab.
    α. in contrast to σάρξ, which is more closely connected w. sin than any other earthly material (Just., D. 135, 6): J 3:6; Ro 8:4–6, 9a, 13; Gal 3:3; 5:17ab; 6:8. Cp. B 10:9. πᾶσα ἐπιθυμία κατὰ τοῦ πνεύματος στρατεύεται Pol 5:3.
    β. in contrast to σῶμα (=σάρξ) Ro 8:10 and to σάρξ (=σῶμα, as many hold) J 6:63a (for τὸ πν. ἐστιν τὸ ζῳοποιοῦν cp. Philo, Op. Mund. 30; Herm. Wr. in Cyrill., C. Jul. I 556c=542, 24 Sc. the pneuma τὰ πάντα ζῳοποιεῖ καὶ τρέφει. S. also f above). Cp. Ro 8:11b.
    γ. in contrast to γράμμα, which is the characteristic quality of God’s older declaration of the divine will in the law: Ro 2:29; 7:6; 2 Cor 3:6ab, 8 (cp. vs. 7).
    δ. in contrast to the wisdom of humans 1 Cor 2:13.
    ⑥ the Spirit of God as exhibited in the character or activity of God’s people or selected agents, Spirit, spirit (s. HPreisker, Geist u. Leben ’33).
    ⓐ πνεῦμα is accompanied by another noun, which characterizes the working of the Spirit more definitely: πνεῦμα καὶ δύναμις spirit and power Lk 1:17; 1 Cor 2:4. Cp. Ac 10:38; 1 Th 1:5. πνεῦμα καὶ ζωή J 6:63b. πνεῦμα κ. σοφία Ac 6:3; cp. vs. 10 (cp. TestReub 2:6 πνεῦμα λαλίας). πίστις κ. πνεῦμα ἅγιον 6:5 (cp. Just., D. 135, 6). χαρὰ καὶ πνεῦμα ἅγ. 13:52.
    ⓑ Unless frustrated by humans in their natural condition, the Spirit of God produces a spiritual type of conduct Gal 5:16, 25 and produces the καρπὸς τοῦ πνεύματος vs. 22 (s. Vögtle under πλεονεξία).
    ⓒ The Spirit inspires certain people of God B 12:2; B 13:5, above all, in their capacity as proclaimers of a divine revelation (Strabo 9, 3, 5 the πνεῦμα ἐνθουσιαστικόν, that inspired the Pythia; Περὶ ὕψους 13, 2; 33, 5 of the divine πν. that impels prophets and poets to express themselves; schol. on Pla. 856e of a μάντις: ἄνωθεν λαμβάνειν τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ πληροῦσθαι τοῦ θεοῦ; Aristobulus in Eus., PE 8, 10, 4 [=Fgm. 2, 4 p. 136 Holladay] τὸ θεῖον πν., καθʼ ὸ̔ καὶ προφήτης ἀνακεκήρυκται ‘[Moses possessed] the Divine Spirit with the result that he was proclaimed a prophet’; AscIs 1:7 τὸ πν. τὸ λαλοῦν ἐν ἐμοί; AssMos Fgm. f εἶδεν πνεύματι ἐπαρθείς; Just., A I, 38, 1 al.; Ath. 10, 3 τὸ προφητικὸν πν. Cp. Marinus, Vi. Procli 23 of Proclus: οὐ γὰρ ἄνευ θείας ἐπινοίας … διαλέγεσθαι; Orig., C. Cels. 3, 28, 23). προφητεία came into being only as ὑπὸ πνεύματος ἁγίου φερόμενοι ἐλάλησαν ἀπὸ θεοῦ ἄνθρωποι 2 Pt 1:21; cp. Ac 15:29 v.l.; cp. 1 Cl 8:1. David Mt 22:43; Mk 12:36; cp. Ac 1:16; 4:25. Isaiah Ac 28:25. Moses B 10:2, B 9; the Spirit was also active in giving the tables of the law to Moses 14:2. Christ himself spoke in the OT διὰ τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ ἁγίου 1 Cl 22:1. The ἱεραὶ γραφαί are called αἱ διὰ τοῦ πν. τοῦ ἁγίου 45:2.—The Christian prophet Agabus also ἐσήμαινεν διὰ τοῦ πν. Ac 11:28; cp. Ac 21:11. Likew. Ign. IPhld 7:2. In general the Spirit reveals the most profound secrets to those who believe 1 Cor 2:10ab.—1 Cl claims to be written διὰ τοῦ ἁγ. πν. 63:2. On Ac 19:21 s. 3b.
    ⓓ The Spirit of God, being one, shows the variety and richness of its life in the different kinds of spiritual gifts which are granted to certain Christians 1 Cor 12:4, 7, 11; cp. vs. 13ab.—Vss. 8–10 enumerate the individual gifts of the Spirit, using various prepositions: διὰ τοὺ πν. vs. 8a; κατὰ τὸ πν. vs. 8b; ἐν τῷ πν. vs. 9ab. τὸ πν. μὴ σβέννυτε do not quench the Spirit 1 Th 5:19 refers to the gift of prophecy, acc. to vs. 20.—The use of the pl. πνεύματα is explained in 1 Cor 14:12 by the varied nature of the Spirit’s working; in vs. 32 by the number of persons who possess the prophetic spirit; on the latter s. Rv 22:6 and 19:10.
    ⓔ One special type of spiritual gift is represented by ecstatic speaking. Of those who ‘speak in tongues’ that no earthly person can understand: πνεύματι λαλεῖ μυστήρια expresses secret things in a spiritual way 1 Cor 14:2. Cp. vss. 14–16 and s. νοῦς 1b. τὸ πνεῦμα ὑπερεντυγχάνει στεναγμοῖς ἀλαλήτοις the Spirit pleads in our behalf with groans beyond words Ro 8:26b. Of speech that is ecstatic, but expressed in words that can be understood λαλεῖν ἐν πνεύματι D 11:7, 8; cp. vs. 9 (on the subject-matter 1 Cor 12:3; Jos., Ant. 4, 118f; TestJob 43:2 ἀναλαβὼν Ἐλιφᾶς πν. εἶπεν ὕμνον). Of the state of mind of the seer of the Apocalypse: ἐν πνεύματι Rv 17:3; 21:10; γενέσθαι ἐν πν. 1:10; 4:2 (s. γίνομαι 5c, ἐν 4c and EMoering, StKr 92, 1920, 148–54; RJeske, NTS 31, ’85, 452–66); AcPl Ha 6, 27. On the Spirit at Pentecost Ac 2:4 s. KLake: Beginn. I 5, ’33, 111–21. κατασταλέντος τοῦ πν. τοῦ ἐν Μύρτῃ when the Spirit (of prophecy) that was in Myrta ceased speaking AcPl Ha 7, 9.
    ⓕ The Spirit leads and directs Christian missionaries in their journeys (Aelian, NA 11, 16 the young women are led blindfolded to the cave of the holy serpent; they are guided by a πνεῦμα θεῖον) Ac 16:6, 7 (by dreams, among other methods; cp. vs. 9f and s. Marinus, Vi. Procli 27: Proclus ἔφασκεν προθυμηθῆναι μὲν πολλάκις γράψαι, κωλυθῆναι δὲ ἐναργῶς ἔκ τινων ἐνυπνίων). In Ac 16:6–7 τὸ ἅγιον πν. and τὸ πν. Ἰησοῦ are distinguished.
    ⑦ an activating spirit that is not fr. God, spirit: πν. ἔτερον a different (kind of) spirit 2 Cor 11:4. Cp. 2 Th 2:2; 1J 4:1–3. Because there are persons activated by such spirits, it is necessary to test the var. kinds of spirits (the same problem Artem. 3, 20 περὶ διαφορᾶς μάντεων, οἷς δεῖ προσέχειν καὶ οἷς μή) 1 Cor 12:10; 1J 4:1b. ὁ διάβολος πληροῖ αὐτὸν αὐτοῦ πν. Hm 11:3. Also οὐκ οἴδατε ποίου πνεύματός ἐστε Lk 9:55 v.l. distinguishes betw. the spirit shown by Jesus’ disciples, and another kind of spirit.—Even more rarely a spirit divinely given that is not God’s own; so (in a quot. fr. Is 29:10) a πνεῦμα κατανύξεως Ro 11:8.
    ⑧ an independent transcendent personality, the Spirit, which appears in formulas that became more and more fixed and distinct (cp. Ath. 12, 2; Hippol., Ref. 7, 26, 2.—Ps.-Lucian, Philopatr. 12 θεόν, υἱόν πατρός, πνεῦμα ἐκ πατρὸς ἐκπορευόμενον ἓν ἐκ τριῶν καὶ ἐξ ἑνὸς τρία, ταῦτα νόμιζε Ζῆνα, τόνδʼ ἡγοῦ θεόν=‘God, son of the father, spirit proceeding from the father, one from three and three from one, consider these as Zeus, think of this one as God’. The entire context bears a Christian impress.—As Aion in gnostic speculation Iren. 1, 2, 5 [Harv. I 21, 2]): βαπτίζοντες αὐτοὺς εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος Mt 28:19 (on the text s. βαπτίζω 2c; on the subject-matter GWalther, Die Entstehung des Taufsymbols aus dem Taufritus: StKr 95, 1924, 256ff); D 7:1, 3. Cp. 2 Cor 13:13; 1 Cl 58:2; IEph 9:1; IMg 13:1b, 2; MPol 14:3; 22:1, 3; Epil Mosq 5. On this s. HUsener, Dreiheit: RhM 58, 1903, 1ff; 161ff; 321ff; esp. 36ff; EvDobschütz, Zwei-u. dreigliedrige Formeln: JBL 50, ’31, 116–47 (also Heinrici Festschr. 1914, 92–100); Norden, Agn. Th. 228ff; JMainz, Die Bed. der Dreizahl im Judentum 1922; Clemen2 125–28; NSöderblom, Vater, Sohn u. Geist 1909; DNielsen, Der dreieinige Gott I 1922; GKrüger, Das Dogma v. der Dreieinigkeit 1905, 46ff; AHarnack, Entstehung u. Entwicklung der Kirchenverfassung 1910, 187ff; JHaussleiter, Trinitarischer Glaube u. Christusbekenntnis in der alten Kirche: BFCT XXV 4, 1920; JLebreton, Histoire du dogme de la Trinité I: Les origines6 1927; RBlümel, Pls u. d. dreieinige Gott 1929.—On the whole word FRüsche, D. Seelenpneuma ’33; HLeisegang, Der Hl. Geist I 1, 1919; EBurton, ICC Gal 1921, 486–95; PVolz, Der Geist Gottes u. d. verwandten Erscheinungen im AT 1910; JHehn, Zum Problem des Geistes im alten Orient u. im AT: ZAW n.s. 2, 1925, 210–25; SLinder, Studier till Gamla Testamentets föreställningar om anden 1926; AMarmorstein, Der Hl. Geist in der rabb. Legende: ARW 28, 1930, 286–303; NSnaith, The Distinctive Ideas of the OT ’46, 229–37; FDillistone, Bibl. Doctrine of the Holy Spirit: Theology Today 3, ’46/47, 486–97; TNicklin, Gospel Gleanings ’50, 341–46; ESchweizer, CDodd Festschr., ’56, 482–508; DLys, Rûach, Le Souffle dans l’AT, ’62; DHill, Gk. Words and Hebr. Mngs. ’67, 202–93.—HGunkel, Die Wirkungen des Hl. Geistes2 1899; HWeinel, Die Wirkungen des Geistes u. der Geister im nachap. Zeitalter 1899; EWinstanley, The Spirit in the NT 1908; HSwete, The Holy Spirit in the NT 1909, The Holy Spirit in the Ancient Church 1912; EScott, The Spirit in the NT 1923; FBüchsel, Der Geist Gottes im NT 1926; EvDobschütz, Der Geistbesitz des Christen im Urchristentum: Monatsschr. für Pastoral-theol. 20, 1924, 228ff; FBadcock, ‘The Spirit’ and Spirit in the NT: ET 45, ’34, 218–21; RBultmann, Theologie des NT ’48, 151–62 (Eng. tr. KGrobel, ’51, I 153–64); ESchweizer, Geist u. Gemeinde im NT ’52, Int 6, ’52, 259–78.—WTosetti, Der Hl. Geist als göttliche Pers. in den Evangelien 1918; HLeisegang, Pneuma Hagion. Der Ursprung des Geistbegriffs der Syn. Ev. aus der griech. Mystik 1922; AFrövig, Das Sendungsbewusstsein Jesu u. der Geist 1924; HWindisch, Jes. u. d. Geist nach Syn. Überl.: Studies in Early Christianity, presented to FCPorter and BWBacon 1928, 209–36; FSynge, The Holy Spirit in the Gospels and Acts: CQR 120, ’35, 205–17; CBarrett, The Holy Spirit and the Gospel Trad. ’47.—ESokolowski, Die Begriffe Geist u. Leben bei Pls 1903; KDeissner, Auferstehungshoffnung u. Pneumagedanke bei Pls 1912; GVos, The Eschatological Aspect of the Pauline Conception of the Spirit: Bibl. and Theol. Studies by the Faculty of Princeton Theol. Sem. 1912, 209–59; HBertrams, Das Wesen des Geistes nach d. Anschauung des Ap. Pls 1913; WReinhard, Das Wirken des Hl. Geistes im Menschen nach den Briefen des Ap. Pls 1918; HHoyle, The Holy Spirit in St. Paul 1928; PGächter, Z. Pneumabegriff des hl. Pls: ZKT 53, 1929, 345–408; ASchweitzer, D. Mystik des Ap. Pls 1930, 159–74 al. [Mysticism of Paul the Apostle, tr. WMontgomery ’31, 160–76 al.]; E-BAllo, RB 43, ’34, 321–46 [1 Cor]; Ltzm., Hdb. exc. after Ro 8:11; Synge [s. above], CQR 119, ’35, 79–93 [Pauline epp.]; NWaaning, Onderzoek naar het gebruik van πνεῦμα bij Pls, diss. Amsterd. ’39; RJewett, Paul’s Anthropological Terms, ’71, 167–200.—HvBaer, Der Hl. Geist in den Lukasschriften 1926; MGoguel, La Notion joh. de l’Esprit 1902; JSimpson, The Holy Spirit in the Fourth Gospel: Exp., 9th ser., 4, 1925, 292–99; HWindisch, Jes. u. d. Geist im J.: Amicitiae Corolla (RHarris Festschr.) ’33, 303–18; WLofthouse, The Holy Spirit in Ac and J: ET 52, ’40/41, 334–36; CBarrett, The Holy Spirit in the Fourth Gospel: JTS 1 n.s., ’50, 1–15; FCrump, Pneuma in the Gospels, diss. Catholic Univ. of America, ’54; GLampe, Studies in the Gospels (RHLightfoot memorial vol.) ’55, 159–200; NHamilton, The Holy Spirit and Eschatology in Paul, ’57; WDavies, Paul and the Dead Sea Scrolls, Flesh and Spirit: The Scrolls and the NT, ed. KStendahl, ’57, 157–82.—GJohnston, ‘Spirit’ and ‘Holy Spirit’ in the Qumran Lit.: NT Sidelights (ACPurdy Festschr.) ’60, 27–42; JPryke, ‘Spirit’ and ‘Flesh’ in Qumran and NT, RevQ 5, ’65, 346–60; HBraun, Qumran und d. NT II, ’66, 150–64; DHill, Greek Words and Hebrew Meanings, ’67, 202–93; WBieder, Pneumatolog. Aspekte im Hb, OCullmann Festschr. ’72, 251–59; KEasley, The Pauline Usage of πνεύματι as a Reference to the Spirit of God: JETS 27, ’84, 299–313 (statistics).—B. 260; 1087. Pauly-W. XIV 387–412. BHHW I 534–37. Schmidt, Syn. II 218–50. New Docs 4, 38f. DELG s.v. πνέω. M-M. Dict. de la Bible XI 126–398. EDNT. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > πνεῦμα

  • 9 Geist

    m; -(e)s, -er
    1. nur Sg.; (Verstand) mind; (Intellekt) intellect; (Sinn, Gemüt) mind; (Witz) wit; (Seele) spirit; Geist und Körper mind and body, body and spirit; Mann von Geist man of wit; vor Geist sprühen oder seinen Geist sprühen lassen scintillate; den oder seinen Geist aushauchen geh. euph. (sterben) give up the ghost; den Geist aufgeben umg. (kaputtgehen) give up the ghost, conk out; das / er geht mir auf den Geist umg. it / he really gets on my nerves, it’s / he’s driving me crazy; im Geiste in one’s mind’s eye; im Geiste sah sie sich schon als Siegerin she already imagined ( oder saw) herself as the winner; wir werden im Geiste bei euch sein we will be with you in spirit; der Geist ist willig, aber das Fleisch ist schwach the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak
    2. nur Sg.; (Einstellung) spirit; (Verfassung) morale; (Atmosphäre) atmosphere, vibes Pl. umg.; der olympische Geist the Olympic spirit; der Geist des Christentums etc. the spirit of Christianity etc.; es herrschte ein kameradschaftlicher Geist there was a comradely spirit; in jemandes Geiste handeln act in the spirit of s.o.; daran sieht man, wes Geistes Kind er ist it says a lot about him
    3. überirdischer: spirit; (Gespenst) ghost; (Erscheinung) apparition; ich glaube nicht an Geister I don’t believe in ghosts; böser Geist evil spirit, demon; der Böse Geist KIRCHL. the Evil One; hier geht ein Geist um this place is haunted; bist du denn von allen guten Geistern verlassen? are you out of your mind?, have you taken leave of your senses?; heilig
    4. fig. Person: großer Geist great mind ( oder thinker); kleiner Geist small-minded person; dienstbarer Geist umg., hum. (Dienstbote) servant, domestic treasure; jemandes guter Geist s.o.’s guiding light; sie ist der gute Geist der Abteilung she is the moving spirit in the department; sie ist ein unruhiger Geist she’s a restless person ( oder spirit), she can’t sit still for one moment, she’s up and down like a yoyo umg.; scheiden III
    * * *
    der Geist
    (Gespenst) specter; ghost; phantom; spectre;
    (Seele) animus; spirit;
    (Verstand) brains; intellect; mind;
    (Witz) wit
    * * *
    [gaist]
    m -(e)s, -er
    1) no pl (= Denken, Vernunft) mind

    der menschliche Géíst, der Géíst des Menschen — the human mind

    Géíst und Materie — mind and matter

    mit Géíst begabt — endowed with a mind

    "Phänomenologie des Géístes" — "Phenomenology of the Spirit"

    2) (REL = Seele, außerirdisches Wesen) spirit; (= Gespenst) ghost

    Géíst und Körper — mind and body

    seinen Géíst aufgeben or aushauchen (liter, iro) — to give up the ghost

    der Géíst ist willig, aber das Fleisch ist schwach (prov) — the spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak

    der Heilige Géíst — the Holy Ghost or Spirit

    der Géíst Gottes — the Spirit of God

    der böse Géíst — the Evil One

    der Géíst der Finsternis — the Prince of Darkness

    gute/böse Géíster — good/evil spirits

    die Stunde der Géíster — the witching hour

    der gute Géíst des Hauses (geh) — the moving spirit in the household

    von allen guten Géístern verlassen sein (inf) — to have taken leave of one's senses (inf)

    jdm auf den Géíst gehen (inf) — to get on sb's nerves

    in dem Schloss gehen Géíster um — the castle is haunted, the castle is walked by ghosts (liter)

    3) (no pl = Intellekt) intellect, mind; (fig = Denker, Genie) mind

    Géíst haben — to have a good mind or intellect; (Witz) to show wit

    einen regen/lebhaften Géíst haben —

    ein Mann von großem Géíst — a man of great intellect, a man with a great mind

    die Rede zeugte nicht von großem Géíst — the speech was not particularly brilliant

    das geht über meinen Géíst (inf) — that's way over my head (inf), that's beyond me (inf)

    hier scheiden sich die Géíster — this is the parting of the ways

    seinen Géíst anstrengen (inf) — to use one's brains (inf)

    sie sind verwandte Géíster — they are kindred spirits

    kleine Géíster (iro: ungebildet) — people of limited intellect; (kleinmütig) small-minded or petty-minded people

    See:
    4) no pl (= Wesen, Sinn, Gesinnung) spirit

    in kameradschaftlichem Géíst — in a spirit of comradeship

    in diesem Büro herrscht ein kollegialer Géíst — this office has a friendly atmosphere

    in seinem/ihrem Géíst — in his/her spirit

    in jds Géíst handeln — to act in the spirit of sb

    der Géíst der Zeit/der russischen Sprache — the spirit or genius (liter) of the times/of the Russian language

    nach dem Géíst des Gesetzes, nicht nach seinem Buchstaben gehen — to go by the spirit rather than the letter of the law

    daran zeigt sich, wes Géístes Kind er ist — that (just) shows what kind of person he is

    5) no pl (= Vorstellung) mind

    etw im Géíst(e) vor sich sehen — to see sth in one's mind's eye

    sich im Géíst(e) als etw/als jd/an einem Ort sehen — to see or picture oneself as sth/as sb/in a place

    im Géíste bin ich bei euch — I am with you in spirit, my thoughts are with you

    * * *
    der
    1) (a spirit, usually of a dead person: Do you believe in ghosts?; Hamlet thought he saw his father's ghost.) ghost
    2) (a principle or emotion which makes someone act: The spirit of kindness seems to be lacking in the world nowadays.) spirit
    3) (a person's mind, will, personality etc thought of as distinct from the body, or as remaining alive eg as a ghost when the body dies: Our great leader may be dead, but his spirit still lives on; ( also adjective) the spirit world; Evil spirits have taken possession of him.) spirit
    4) (an elf or fairy: a water-sprite.) sprite
    * * *
    Geist1
    <-[e]s, -e>
    [ˈgaist]
    m
    1. kein pl (Vernunft) mind
    die Rede zeugte nicht von großem \Geist the speech was no testament to a great mind
    ihr \Geist ist verwirrt she's mentally deranged
    seinen \Geist anstrengen to put one's mind to it
    seinen \Geist aushauchen (euph geh) to breathe one's last
    jdm [mit etw dat] auf den \Geist gehen (fam) to get on sb's nerves [with sth] fam
    im \Geist[e] (in Gedanken) in spirit, in one's thoughts; (in der Vorstellung) in one's mind's eye, in one's thoughts
    etw im \Geiste vor sich dat sehen to see sth in one's mind's eye, to picture sth
    \Geist und Körper body and mind
    der menschliche \Geist, der \Geist des Menschen the human mind
    2. kein pl (Witz) wit
    er sprühte vor \Geist he was as witty as could be
    eine Rede voller \Geist und Witz a witty speech
    \Geist haben to have esprit
    ein Mann ohne/von \Geist a dull/witty man
    \Geist versprühen to be scintillating
    3. kein pl (Gesinnung) spirit
    in diesem Büro herrscht ein kollegialer \Geist there's a spirit of cooperation in this office
    an \Geist und Buchstaben einer S. gen halten to observe the spirit and letter of sth
    der freie \Geist free thought
    in kameradschaftlichem \Geist in a spirit of camaraderie [or comradeship]
    in jds \Geist how sb would have wished
    der \Geist der Zeit the spirit of the times [or age
    4. (Destillat) spirit
    5.
    ▶ seinen [o den] \Geist aufgeben (iron veraltet: sterben) to give up the ghost, to breathe one's last; (hum fam: kaputtgehen) to give up the ghost
    ▶ wes \Geistes Kind jd ist the kind of person sb is
    ▶ da [o hier] scheiden sich die \Geister opinions differ here
    ▶ der \Geist ist willig, aber das Fleisch ist schwach the spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak
    Geist2
    <-[e]s, -e>
    m
    1. (Denker) mind, intellect
    große \Geister stört das nicht (hum fam) that doesn't bother me/us etc.
    kleiner \Geist small-minded person, person of limited intellect
    2. (Charakter) spirit
    ein guter \Geist an angel
    der gute \Geist des Hauses the moving [or guiding] spirit of the household
    ein unruhiger \Geist a restive spirit, a restless creature
    verwandte \Geister kindred spirits
    3. (Wesenheit) spirit
    der böse \Geist the Evil One old
    dienstbarer \Geist ministering spirit
    der \Geist der Finsternis (geh) the Prince of Darkness
    der \Geist Gottes the Spirit of God
    der Heilige \Geist the Holy Ghost
    4. (Gespenst) ghost
    ihm erschien der \Geist seiner toten Mutter he was visited by the ghost of his dead mother
    \Geister gehen hier um this place is haunted
    wie ein \Geist aussehen to look very pale; krank a. to look like death warmed up [or AM over] fam; erschreckt a. to look as if one has seen a ghost
    einen \Geist beschwören to invoke a spirit
    böse/gute \Geister evil/good spirits
    5.
    ▶ dienstbarer \Geist (hum fam) servant
    ▶ von allen guten \Geistern verlassen sein (fam) to have taken leave of one's senses
    ▶ jdm als Heiliger \Geist erscheinen, jdm den Heiligen \Geist schicken MIL, SCH (veraltet sl) to don fancy dress at night and thrash sb sleeping in bed
    * * *
    der; Geist[e]s, Geister
    1) o. Pl. (Verstand) mind

    jemandes Geist ist verwirrt/gestört — somebody is mentally deranged/disturbed

    jemandem mit etwas auf den Geist gehen — (salopp) get on somebody's nerves with something

    den Geist aufgeben — (geh./ugs. scherzh., auch fig.) give up the ghost

    im Geist[e] — in my/his etc. mind's eye

    2) o. Pl. (Scharfsinn) wit
    3) o. Pl. (innere Einstellung) spirit
    4) (denkender Mensch) mind; intellect

    ein großer/kleiner Geist — a great mind/a person of limited intellect

    hier od. da scheiden sich die Geister — this is where opinions differ

    der Heilige Geist — (christl. Rel.) the Holy Ghost or Spirit

    von allen guten Geistern verlassen sein — have taken leave of one's senses; be out of one's mind

    6) (Gespenst) ghost

    Geister gehen im Schloss um/spuken im Schloss — the castle is haunted

    * * *
    Geist m; -(e)s, -er
    1. nur sg; (Verstand) mind; (Intellekt) intellect; (Sinn, Gemüt) mind; (Witz) wit; (Seele) spirit;
    Geist und Körper mind and body, body and spirit;
    Mann von Geist man of wit;
    seinen Geist aushauchen geh euph (sterben) give up the ghost;
    den Geist aufgeben umg (kaputtgehen) give up the ghost, conk out;
    das/er geht mir auf den Geist umg it/he really gets on my nerves, it’s/he’s driving me crazy;
    im Geiste in one’s mind’s eye;
    im Geiste sah sie sich schon als Siegerin she already imagined ( oder saw) herself as the winner;
    wir werden im Geiste bei euch sein we will be with you in spirit;
    der Geist ist willig, aber das Fleisch ist schwach the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak
    2. nur sg; (Einstellung) spirit; (Verfassung) morale; (Atmosphäre) atmosphere, vibes pl umg;
    der olympische Geist the Olympic spirit;
    der Geist des Christentums etc the spirit of Christianity etc;
    es herrschte ein kameradschaftlicher Geist there was a comradely spirit;
    in jemandes Geiste handeln act in the spirit of sb;
    daran sieht man, wes Geistes Kind er ist it says a lot about him
    3. überirdischer: spirit; (Gespenst) ghost; (Erscheinung) apparition;
    ich glaube nicht an Geister I don’t believe in ghosts;
    böser Geist evil spirit, demon;
    der Böse Geist KIRCHE the Evil One;
    hier geht ein Geist um this place is haunted;
    bist du denn von allen guten Geistern verlassen? are you out of your mind?, have you taken leave of your senses?; → heilig
    4. fig Person:
    großer Geist great mind ( oder thinker);
    kleiner Geist small-minded person;
    dienstbarer Geist umg, hum (Dienstbote) servant, domestic treasure;
    jemandes guter Geist sb’s guiding light;
    sie ist der gute Geist der Abteilung she is the moving spirit in the department;
    sie ist ein unruhiger Geist she’s a restless person ( oder spirit), she can’t sit still for one moment, she’s up and down like a yoyo umg; → scheiden C
    * * *
    der; Geist[e]s, Geister
    1) o. Pl. (Verstand) mind

    jemandes Geist ist verwirrt/gestört — somebody is mentally deranged/disturbed

    jemandem mit etwas auf den Geist gehen — (salopp) get on somebody's nerves with something

    den Geist aufgeben — (geh./ugs. scherzh., auch fig.) give up the ghost

    im Geist[e] — in my/his etc. mind's eye

    2) o. Pl. (Scharfsinn) wit
    3) o. Pl. (innere Einstellung) spirit
    4) (denkender Mensch) mind; intellect

    ein großer/kleiner Geist — a great mind/a person of limited intellect

    hier od. da scheiden sich die Geister — this is where opinions differ

    der Heilige Geist — (christl. Rel.) the Holy Ghost or Spirit

    von allen guten Geistern verlassen sein — have taken leave of one's senses; be out of one's mind

    6) (Gespenst) ghost

    Geister gehen im Schloss um/spuken im Schloss — the castle is haunted

    * * *
    -er m.
    esprit n.
    ghost n.
    mind n.
    soul n.
    specter n.
    spirit n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Geist

  • 10 geist

    m; -(e)s, -er
    1. nur Sg.; (Verstand) mind; (Intellekt) intellect; (Sinn, Gemüt) mind; (Witz) wit; (Seele) spirit; Geist und Körper mind and body, body and spirit; Mann von Geist man of wit; vor Geist sprühen oder seinen Geist sprühen lassen scintillate; den oder seinen Geist aushauchen geh. euph. (sterben) give up the ghost; den Geist aufgeben umg. (kaputtgehen) give up the ghost, conk out; das / er geht mir auf den Geist umg. it / he really gets on my nerves, it’s / he’s driving me crazy; im Geiste in one’s mind’s eye; im Geiste sah sie sich schon als Siegerin she already imagined ( oder saw) herself as the winner; wir werden im Geiste bei euch sein we will be with you in spirit; der Geist ist willig, aber das Fleisch ist schwach the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak
    2. nur Sg.; (Einstellung) spirit; (Verfassung) morale; (Atmosphäre) atmosphere, vibes Pl. umg.; der olympische Geist the Olympic spirit; der Geist des Christentums etc. the spirit of Christianity etc.; es herrschte ein kameradschaftlicher Geist there was a comradely spirit; in jemandes Geiste handeln act in the spirit of s.o.; daran sieht man, wes Geistes Kind er ist it says a lot about him
    3. überirdischer: spirit; (Gespenst) ghost; (Erscheinung) apparition; ich glaube nicht an Geister I don’t believe in ghosts; böser Geist evil spirit, demon; der Böse Geist KIRCHL. the Evil One; hier geht ein Geist um this place is haunted; bist du denn von allen guten Geistern verlassen? are you out of your mind?, have you taken leave of your senses?; heilig
    4. fig. Person: großer Geist great mind ( oder thinker); kleiner Geist small-minded person; dienstbarer Geist umg., hum. (Dienstbote) servant, domestic treasure; jemandes guter Geist s.o.’s guiding light; sie ist der gute Geist der Abteilung she is the moving spirit in the department; sie ist ein unruhiger Geist she’s a restless person ( oder spirit), she can’t sit still for one moment, she’s up and down like a yoyo umg.; scheiden III
    * * *
    der Geist
    (Gespenst) specter; ghost; phantom; spectre;
    (Seele) animus; spirit;
    (Verstand) brains; intellect; mind;
    (Witz) wit
    * * *
    [gaist]
    m -(e)s, -er
    1) no pl (= Denken, Vernunft) mind

    der menschliche Géíst, der Géíst des Menschen — the human mind

    Géíst und Materie — mind and matter

    mit Géíst begabt — endowed with a mind

    "Phänomenologie des Géístes" — "Phenomenology of the Spirit"

    2) (REL = Seele, außerirdisches Wesen) spirit; (= Gespenst) ghost

    Géíst und Körper — mind and body

    seinen Géíst aufgeben or aushauchen (liter, iro) — to give up the ghost

    der Géíst ist willig, aber das Fleisch ist schwach (prov) — the spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak

    der Heilige Géíst — the Holy Ghost or Spirit

    der Géíst Gottes — the Spirit of God

    der böse Géíst — the Evil One

    der Géíst der Finsternis — the Prince of Darkness

    gute/böse Géíster — good/evil spirits

    die Stunde der Géíster — the witching hour

    der gute Géíst des Hauses (geh) — the moving spirit in the household

    von allen guten Géístern verlassen sein (inf) — to have taken leave of one's senses (inf)

    jdm auf den Géíst gehen (inf) — to get on sb's nerves

    in dem Schloss gehen Géíster um — the castle is haunted, the castle is walked by ghosts (liter)

    3) (no pl = Intellekt) intellect, mind; (fig = Denker, Genie) mind

    Géíst haben — to have a good mind or intellect; (Witz) to show wit

    einen regen/lebhaften Géíst haben —

    ein Mann von großem Géíst — a man of great intellect, a man with a great mind

    die Rede zeugte nicht von großem Géíst — the speech was not particularly brilliant

    das geht über meinen Géíst (inf) — that's way over my head (inf), that's beyond me (inf)

    hier scheiden sich die Géíster — this is the parting of the ways

    seinen Géíst anstrengen (inf) — to use one's brains (inf)

    sie sind verwandte Géíster — they are kindred spirits

    kleine Géíster (iro: ungebildet) — people of limited intellect; (kleinmütig) small-minded or petty-minded people

    See:
    4) no pl (= Wesen, Sinn, Gesinnung) spirit

    in kameradschaftlichem Géíst — in a spirit of comradeship

    in diesem Büro herrscht ein kollegialer Géíst — this office has a friendly atmosphere

    in seinem/ihrem Géíst — in his/her spirit

    in jds Géíst handeln — to act in the spirit of sb

    der Géíst der Zeit/der russischen Sprache — the spirit or genius (liter) of the times/of the Russian language

    nach dem Géíst des Gesetzes, nicht nach seinem Buchstaben gehen — to go by the spirit rather than the letter of the law

    daran zeigt sich, wes Géístes Kind er ist — that (just) shows what kind of person he is

    5) no pl (= Vorstellung) mind

    etw im Géíst(e) vor sich sehen — to see sth in one's mind's eye

    sich im Géíst(e) als etw/als jd/an einem Ort sehen — to see or picture oneself as sth/as sb/in a place

    im Géíste bin ich bei euch — I am with you in spirit, my thoughts are with you

    * * *
    der
    1) (a spirit, usually of a dead person: Do you believe in ghosts?; Hamlet thought he saw his father's ghost.) ghost
    2) (a principle or emotion which makes someone act: The spirit of kindness seems to be lacking in the world nowadays.) spirit
    3) (a person's mind, will, personality etc thought of as distinct from the body, or as remaining alive eg as a ghost when the body dies: Our great leader may be dead, but his spirit still lives on; ( also adjective) the spirit world; Evil spirits have taken possession of him.) spirit
    4) (an elf or fairy: a water-sprite.) sprite
    * * *
    Geist1
    <-[e]s, -e>
    [ˈgaist]
    m
    1. kein pl (Vernunft) mind
    die Rede zeugte nicht von großem \Geist the speech was no testament to a great mind
    ihr \Geist ist verwirrt she's mentally deranged
    seinen \Geist anstrengen to put one's mind to it
    seinen \Geist aushauchen (euph geh) to breathe one's last
    jdm [mit etw dat] auf den \Geist gehen (fam) to get on sb's nerves [with sth] fam
    im \Geist[e] (in Gedanken) in spirit, in one's thoughts; (in der Vorstellung) in one's mind's eye, in one's thoughts
    etw im \Geiste vor sich dat sehen to see sth in one's mind's eye, to picture sth
    \Geist und Körper body and mind
    der menschliche \Geist, der \Geist des Menschen the human mind
    2. kein pl (Witz) wit
    er sprühte vor \Geist he was as witty as could be
    eine Rede voller \Geist und Witz a witty speech
    \Geist haben to have esprit
    ein Mann ohne/von \Geist a dull/witty man
    \Geist versprühen to be scintillating
    3. kein pl (Gesinnung) spirit
    in diesem Büro herrscht ein kollegialer \Geist there's a spirit of cooperation in this office
    an \Geist und Buchstaben einer S. gen halten to observe the spirit and letter of sth
    der freie \Geist free thought
    in kameradschaftlichem \Geist in a spirit of camaraderie [or comradeship]
    in jds \Geist how sb would have wished
    der \Geist der Zeit the spirit of the times [or age
    4. (Destillat) spirit
    5.
    ▶ seinen [o den] \Geist aufgeben (iron veraltet: sterben) to give up the ghost, to breathe one's last; (hum fam: kaputtgehen) to give up the ghost
    ▶ wes \Geistes Kind jd ist the kind of person sb is
    ▶ da [o hier] scheiden sich die \Geister opinions differ here
    ▶ der \Geist ist willig, aber das Fleisch ist schwach the spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak
    Geist2
    <-[e]s, -e>
    m
    1. (Denker) mind, intellect
    große \Geister stört das nicht (hum fam) that doesn't bother me/us etc.
    kleiner \Geist small-minded person, person of limited intellect
    2. (Charakter) spirit
    ein guter \Geist an angel
    der gute \Geist des Hauses the moving [or guiding] spirit of the household
    ein unruhiger \Geist a restive spirit, a restless creature
    verwandte \Geister kindred spirits
    3. (Wesenheit) spirit
    der böse \Geist the Evil One old
    dienstbarer \Geist ministering spirit
    der \Geist der Finsternis (geh) the Prince of Darkness
    der \Geist Gottes the Spirit of God
    der Heilige \Geist the Holy Ghost
    4. (Gespenst) ghost
    ihm erschien der \Geist seiner toten Mutter he was visited by the ghost of his dead mother
    \Geister gehen hier um this place is haunted
    wie ein \Geist aussehen to look very pale; krank a. to look like death warmed up [or AM over] fam; erschreckt a. to look as if one has seen a ghost
    einen \Geist beschwören to invoke a spirit
    böse/gute \Geister evil/good spirits
    5.
    ▶ dienstbarer \Geist (hum fam) servant
    ▶ von allen guten \Geistern verlassen sein (fam) to have taken leave of one's senses
    ▶ jdm als Heiliger \Geist erscheinen, jdm den Heiligen \Geist schicken MIL, SCH (veraltet sl) to don fancy dress at night and thrash sb sleeping in bed
    * * *
    der; Geist[e]s, Geister
    1) o. Pl. (Verstand) mind

    jemandes Geist ist verwirrt/gestört — somebody is mentally deranged/disturbed

    jemandem mit etwas auf den Geist gehen — (salopp) get on somebody's nerves with something

    den Geist aufgeben — (geh./ugs. scherzh., auch fig.) give up the ghost

    im Geist[e] — in my/his etc. mind's eye

    2) o. Pl. (Scharfsinn) wit
    3) o. Pl. (innere Einstellung) spirit
    4) (denkender Mensch) mind; intellect

    ein großer/kleiner Geist — a great mind/a person of limited intellect

    hier od. da scheiden sich die Geister — this is where opinions differ

    der Heilige Geist — (christl. Rel.) the Holy Ghost or Spirit

    von allen guten Geistern verlassen sein — have taken leave of one's senses; be out of one's mind

    6) (Gespenst) ghost

    Geister gehen im Schloss um/spuken im Schloss — the castle is haunted

    * * *
    …geist m im subst; CHEM, GASTR spirit(s pl US);
    Himbeergeist (white) raspberry brandy;
    Mirabellengeist plum brandy
    * * *
    der; Geist[e]s, Geister
    1) o. Pl. (Verstand) mind

    jemandes Geist ist verwirrt/gestört — somebody is mentally deranged/disturbed

    jemandem mit etwas auf den Geist gehen — (salopp) get on somebody's nerves with something

    den Geist aufgeben — (geh./ugs. scherzh., auch fig.) give up the ghost

    im Geist[e] — in my/his etc. mind's eye

    2) o. Pl. (Scharfsinn) wit
    3) o. Pl. (innere Einstellung) spirit
    4) (denkender Mensch) mind; intellect

    ein großer/kleiner Geist — a great mind/a person of limited intellect

    hier od. da scheiden sich die Geister — this is where opinions differ

    der Heilige Geist — (christl. Rel.) the Holy Ghost or Spirit

    von allen guten Geistern verlassen sein — have taken leave of one's senses; be out of one's mind

    6) (Gespenst) ghost

    Geister gehen im Schloss um/spuken im Schloss — the castle is haunted

    * * *
    -er m.
    esprit n.
    ghost n.
    mind n.
    soul n.
    specter n.
    spirit n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > geist

  • 11 भूत _bhūta

    भूत p. p. [भू-क्त]
    1 Become, being, existing.
    -2 Produced, formed.
    -3 Actually being, really happened, true; भूताश्चार्था विरुद्ध्यन्ति देशकालविरोधिताः Rām.5.3.37.
    -4 Right, proper, fit; अभूतेनापवादेन कीर्तीं निपतितामिव Rām. 5.15.34; भूतार्थव्याहृतिः सा हि न स्तुतिः परमेष्ठिनः R.1.33.
    -5 Past, gone.
    -6 Obtained.
    -7 Mixed or joined with.
    -8 Being like, similar, (see भू); मग्नां द्विषच्छद्मनि पङ्कभूते Ki.3.39.
    -तः 1 A son, child.
    -2 An epithet of Śiva.
    -3 The fourteenth day of the dark half of a lunar month (also भूता).
    -4 A great devotee.
    -5 N. of a priest of the gods.
    -6 The dark fortnight of a month (कृष्णपक्ष).
    -7 see भूतगण.
    -तम् 1 Any being (human, divine or even inanimate); इत्थं रतेः किमपि भूतमदृश्यरूपं मन्दीचकार मरणव्यवसायबुद्धिम् Ku.4.45; Pt.2. 87.
    -2 A living being, an animal, a creature; क्षरः सर्वाणि भूतानि कूटस्थो$क्षर उच्यते Bg.15.16; भूतेषु किं च करुणां बहुली- करोति Bv.1.122; U.4.6.
    -3 A spirit, ghost, an imp, a devil (m. also in these senses); ततो रक्षां महातेजः कुरु भूतविनाशिनीम् Rām.7.66.3.
    -4 An element; (they are five, i. e. पृथ्वी, अप्, तेजस्, वायु, and आकाश); तं वेधा विदधे नूनं महाभूतसमाधिना R.1.29.
    -5 An actual occurrence, a fact, a matter of fact.
    -6 The past, past time.
    -7 The world.
    -8 Well-being, welfare.
    -9 A symbolical expression for the number 'five'.
    -1 Fitness, propriety.
    -Comp. -अनुकम्पा compassion for all beings; भूतानुकम्पा तव चेत् R.2.48.
    -अनुवादः a mention of established facts, a variety of अर्थवाद (q. v.); भूतानुवादमात्रमनर्थकम् ŚB. on MS.1.2.4.
    -अन्तकः the god of death, Yama.
    -अभिषङ्गः possession by evil spirits.
    -अरिः Asa Fœtida.
    -अर्थः 1 the fact, real fact, true state, truth, reality; आर्ये कथयामि ते भूतार्थम् Ś.1; भूतार्थशोभाह्नियमाणनेत्रा Ku.7.13; कः श्रद्धास्यति भूतार्थं सर्वो मां तुलयिष्यति Mk.3.24.
    -2 an element of life. ˚कथनम्, ˚व्याहृतिः f. a statement of facts; भूतार्थव्याहृतिः सा हि न स्तुतिः परमेष्ठिनः R.1.33.
    -अवमानिन् m. despiser of all; भूतावमानी हैहयश्चार्जुनः Kau. A.1.6.
    -आत्मक a. consisting or composed of the elements.
    -आत्मन् 1 one whose soul is purified.
    -2 composed of the five elements (as the body); cf. Ms.12.12. (-m.)
    1 the individual (as opposed to the Supreme Soul); विद्यातपोभ्यां भूतात्मा बुद्धिर्ज्ञानेन शुद्ध्यति Ms.5.19; विधमिष्यति ते देहे भूतात्मानं चिरोषितम् Rām.6.59. 55.
    -2 an epithet of Brahman.
    -3 of Śiva.
    -4 of Viṣṇu; भूतात्मा भूतभावनः V. Sah.
    -5 an elementary substance.
    -6 the body.
    -7 war, conflict.
    -8 the elementary or vital principle.
    -9 a soul which clings to the elements, a carnal mind; भूतात्मनस्तपोविद्ये बुद्धेर्ज्ञानं विशोधनम् Y.3.34.
    -आदिः 1 the Supreme Spirit.
    -2 an epithet of Ahaṁkāra (in Sāṅkhya phil.).
    -आर्त a. possessed by a devil.
    -आवासः 1 the body.
    -2 an epithet of &Scute;iva.
    -3 of Viṣṇu; वसन्ति त्वयि भूतानि भूतावासस्ततो हरिः Hariv.
    -आविष्ट a. possessed by a devil or evil spirit.
    -आवेशः demoniac possession.
    -इज्यम्, -इज्या making oblations to the Bhūtas.
    -इन्द्रियजयिन् m. a kind of ascetic.
    -इष्टा the fourteenth day of a lunar fortnight.
    -ईशः 1 an epithet of Brahman.
    -2 of Viṣṇu.
    -3 of Śiva; भूतेशस्य भुजङ्गवल्लिवलयस्रङ्नद्धजूटा जटाः Māl.1.2; भूतेशप्रीति- हेतोः Udb.
    -ईश्वरः an epithet of Śiva; भूयः स भूतेश्वर- पार्श्ववर्ती R.2.46.
    -उन्मादः demoniac possession.
    -उपदेशः a reference to past things or such as already exist.
    -उपसृष्ट, -उपहत a. possessed by a devil.
    -ओदनः a dish of rice (eaten to counteract the influence of demons).
    -कर्तृ, -कृत् m. an epithet of Brahman; सर्वलोकप्रभुर्ब्रह्मा भूतकर्तृ तथर्षयः Rām.2.25.25; ततस्थानाह भूत- कृत् 7.4.12.
    -कला f. a power which produces the five elements; धरादिपञ्चभूतानां निवृत्त्याद्याः कलाः स्मृताः Śāradātilakam.
    -कालः 1 past time.
    -2 (in gram.) the past or preterite time.
    -केशी the holy basil.
    -कोटिः absolute non-entity; Bhddh.
    -क्रान्तिः f. possession by a devil.
    -गणः 1 the collection of created beings.
    -2 the whole class of spirits or devils; प्रेतान् भूतागणांश्चान्ये यजन्ते तामसा जनाः Bg.17.4.
    -गत्या truthfully; तदखिलमिह भूतं भूतगत्या...... अभिलषति स्म N.9.159.
    -गुणः a quality of the elements; शब्दस्पर्शरूपरसगन्धा भूतगुणाः स्मृताः Śāradātilakam.
    -ग्रस्त possessed by a devil.
    -ग्रामः 1 the whole multitude or aggregate of living beings; U.7; भूतग्रामः स एवायं भूत्वा भूत्वा प्रलीयते Bg.8.19.
    -2 a multitude of spirits.
    -3 the body.
    -घ्नः 1 a kind of birch tree.
    -2 a camel.
    -3 garlic. (
    -घ्नी) the holy basil.
    -चतुर्दशी the fourteenth day of the dark half of Kārtika.
    -चारिन् m. an epithet of Śiva.
    -चिन्तकः = स्वभाववादिन् q. v.; दैवमित्यपरे विप्राः स्वभावं भूतचिन्तकाः Mb.12.232.19.
    -चिन्तनिकः an adherent to the doctrine that the mind or intellect is produced from material elements.
    -चिन्ता an enquiry into the ele- ments, investigation into their nature.
    -चैतन्यम् intellect- uality of matter.
    -जननी the mother of all beings.
    -जयः victory over the elements.
    -तन्त्रम् the doctrine of spirits.
    -तन्मात्रम् a subtle element.
    -दया compassion towards all beings, universal benevolence.
    -द्रुमः Cordia Latifolia (Mar. भोंकर).
    -द्रुह्, -ध्रुक् a. injurious, mali- cious.
    -धरा, -धात्री, -धारिणी the earth.
    -धात्री sleep.
    -नाथः an epithet of Śiva; तद् भूतनाथानुग नार्हसि त्वम् R.2.58.
    -नायिका an epithet of Durgā.
    -नाशनः 1 the marking-nut plant.
    -2 mustard.
    -3 pepper.
    (-नम्) 1 Asa Fœtida.
    -2 a bead used for rosaries (रुद्राक्ष).
    -निचयः the body.
    -पक्षः the dark fortnight.
    -पतिः 1 an epithet of Śiva; ध्यानास्पदं भूतपतेर्विवश Ku.3.43,74.
    -2 of Agni.
    -3 the sacred basil.
    -4 the sky; ज्वलसि यन्निशि भूतपतिं श्रितः N.4.55.
    -पत्री the holy basil.
    -पालः the guardian of living beings.
    -पूर्णिमा the day of full- moon in the month of Āśvina.
    -पूर्वम् ind. formerly. a.
    1 former, ancient, old; पश्यामि च जनस्थानं भूतपूर्वखरा- लयम् U.2.17.
    -2 deceased.
    -प्रकृतिः f. the origin of all beings; यामाहुः सर्वभूतप्रकृतिरिति Ś.1.1 (v. l.).
    -बलिः = भूतयज्ञ q. v.
    -ब्रह्मन् m. a low Brāhmaṇa who maintains himself with the offerings made to an idol; see देवल.
    -भर्तृ a. sustaining all beings; भूतभर्तृ च तज्ज्ञेयं ग्रसिष्णु प्रभविष्णु च Bg.13.16. -m. an epithet of Śiva.
    -भव a. existing in all beings.
    -भव्यम् past and future.
    -भावनः 1 an epithet of Brahman.
    -2 of Viṣṇu.
    -भाविन् a.
    1 creating living beings.
    -भाषा, -भाषितम् the language of devils.
    -भृत् a. sustaining the elements or creatures; भूतभृन्न च भूतस्थो ममात्मा भूतभावनः Bg.9.5.
    -भौतिक a. consisting of the elements.
    -महेश्वरः an epithet of Śiva.
    -मातृ f. an epithet of Gaurī.
    -मातृका the earth.
    -मात्रम्, -त्रा the rudiment of an element.
    -मात्रा f. pl. the coarse and subtile elements; तास्वेव भूतमात्रासु प्रलीयन्ते विभागशः Ms.12.17.
    -यज्ञः an oblation or offering to all created beings, one of the five daily Yajñas to be perfo- rmed by a householder.
    -योनिः the origin of all created beings.
    -रयाः a. a class of gods under the 5th Manu; Bhāg.
    -राज् m. an epithet of Śiva.
    -लिपिः a particular magic formula.
    -वर्गः the whole class of spirits.
    -वादिन् a. telling the real fact or truth.
    -वासः the Bibhītaka tree.
    -वाहनः an epithet of Śiva.
    -विक्रिया 1 epilepsy.
    -2 possession by a devil.
    -विज्ञान, -विद्या demonology (भूतविद्या); Ch. Up.7.1.2.
    -विनायकः a leader of evil beings; Bhāg.
    -विभुः a king; शाहभूविभुः Śāhendra. 2.93.
    -वृक्षः the Bibhītaka tree.
    -वेशी a white flowering Vitex Negundo (Mar. निर्गुडी).
    -शुद्धिः f. purifica- tion of the elements (of the body).
    -संसारः 1 the world of mortals.
    -2 the course of existence; घोरे$स्मिन् भूतसंसारे नित्यं सततयायिनि Ms.1.5.
    -संघः the totality of beings or of the elements.
    -संचारः demoniac possession.
    -संचारिन् m. a forest conflagration.
    -संप्लवः universal deluge or destruction; आभूतसंप्लवस्थानममृतत्वं हि भाषते.
    -समागमः the meeting of mortals; यथा काष्ठं च... समेत्य च व्यपेयातां तद्वद् भूतसमागमः Mb.12.28.36.
    -सर्गः 1 the creation of the world, the class or order of created beings.
    -2 creation of the elements.
    -साक्षिन् m. 'all- seeing', an eye-witness of created beings.
    -साधनी the earth.
    -सूक्ष्मम् a subtle element.
    -सृज् m. an epithet of Brahman; बहुधा गतां जगति भूतसृजा कमनीयतां समभिहृत्य पुरा Ki.6.42.
    -सृष्टिः f.
    1 the illusion effected by the power of Bhūtas.
    -2 the whole class of Bhūtas taken collectively.
    -स्थानम् 1 the abode of living beings.
    -2 the abode of demons.
    -हत्या destruction of living beings.
    -हन्त्री a species of Dūrvā grass.
    -हरः bdellium.
    -हासः a kind of fever.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > भूत _bhūta

  • 12 ναός

    ναός, οῦ, ὁ (Hom.+; s. B-D-F §44, 1; Mlt-H. 71; 121) a place or structure specifically associated with or set apart for a deity, who is frequently perceived to be using it as a dwelling, temple.
    ⓐ of temples gener. (Diod S 5, 15, 2 θεῶν ναούς; Ar. 3:2; Just., A I, 9, 1; Hippol., Ref. 5, 26, 33) Ac 17:24. Specif. of temples: of replicas of the temple of Artemis at Ephesus 19:24 (Tat. 3:1); but here, near ἱερόν vs. 27 (cp. OGI 90, 34 [196 B.C.]; Sb 8745, 6 [pap 171/72 A.D.] ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ Σοκνοβραίσεως ναὸς ξύλινος περικεχρυσωμένος. Likew. 8747, 5; 3 Macc 1:10; Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 139 ἱερὰ κ. ναοί, Decal. 7; Jos., Ant. 16, 106), ναός can be understood in the more restricted sense shrine, where the image of the goddess stood (so Hdt. et al.; Diod S 1, 97, 9; 20, 14, 3; UPZ 5, 27=6, 22 [163 B.C.], s. the editor’s note; BGU 1210, 191 ἐν παντὶ ἱερῷ, ὅπου ναός ἐστιν; 211; PErlang 21 [II A.D.]: APF 14, ’41, 100f, a shrine w. a ξόανον of Isis).
    ⓑ of the temple at Jerusalem (3 Km 6:5, 17 al.; Jos., Ant. 8, 62ff; Just., D. 36, 6 al; SibOr 3, 575; 657; 702; Stephan. Byz. s.v. Σόλυμα: ὁ ναὸς ὁ ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις.—ναός [νεώς] of Herod’s temple: Philo, In Flacc. 46, Leg. ad Gai. 278 al.; Jos., Bell. 5, 185; 207; 215, Ant. 15, 380; Orig., C. Cels. 1, 47, 11; Did., Gen. 135, 17; 192, 23; also of the entire temple precinct: Jos., Bell. 6, 293, C. Ap. 2, 119) Mt 23:17, 35; 27:5, 40; Mk 14:58 (on this saying s. RHoffmann, Heinrici Festschr. 1914, 130–39 and MGoguel, Congr. d’Hist. du Christ. I 1928, 117–36. More generally DPlooij, Jes. and the Temple: ET 42, ’31, 36–39); 15:29; Lk 1:21f; J 2:20; Ac 7:48 v.l.; Rv 11:2; 1 Cl 41:2; 16:1ff; GPt 7:26. ὁ ν. καὶ ὁ λαὸς Ἰσραήλ 16:5; οἱ ἱερεῖς τ. ναοῦ 7:3. τὸ καταπέτασμα τοῦ ναοῦ the curtain of the temple that separated the Holy of Holies fr. the holy place Mt 27:51; Mk 15:38; Lk 23:45; τ. κ. τ. ναοῦ τῆς Ἰερουσαλήμ GPt 5:20. τὰ παθνώματα τοῦ ναοῦ the paneled ceiling of the temple GJs 24:3. An oath by the temple Mt 23:16, 21. More fully ὁ ναὸς τοῦ θεοῦ (as ParJer 4:4; Jos., Ant. 15, 380; cp. Artem. 2, 26 νεὼς θεοῦ) Mt 26:61; 2 Th 2:4 (on this s. WWrede, Die Echtheit des 2 Th 1903, 96ff); Rv 11:1 (on the prophecy of the rescue of the temple fr. the general destruction cp. Jos., Bell. 6, 285). ὁ ναὸς τοῦ κυρίου Lk 1:9; cp. 1 Cl 23:5 (Mal 3:1). ναὸς κυρίου GJs (16 times), also τῷ ν. αὐτοῦ 23:1.
    ⓒ of a heavenly sanctuary (cp. Ps 10:4; 17:7; Wsd 3:14 ν. κυρίου; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 66; TestLevi 5:1) of Rv: ὁ ναός 14:15; 15:6, 8ab; 16:1, 17. ὁ ναὸς αὐτοῦ (=τοῦ θεοῦ) 7:15; 11:19b. ὁ ναὸς ὁ ἐν τ. οὐρανῷ 14:17. ὁ ναὸς τοῦ θεοῦ ὁ ἐν τ. οὐρανῷ 11:19a. ὁ ναὸς τῆς σκηνῆς τ. μαρτυρίου ἐν τ. οὐρανῷ 15:5. S. also 3:12. Yet there will be no temple in the New Jerusalem 21:22a; God in person is the sanctuary of the eternal city vs. 22b.
    ⓓ of a human body or part thereof, in imagery (Philo, Op. M. 136f of the σῶμα as the νεὼς ἱερὸς ψυχῆς; Tat. 15, 2).—Of the spirit-filled body of Christians, which is said to be a habitation of God, therefore a temple (Iren. 5, 9, 4 [PJena]; Hippol., Ref. 5, 19, 15; cp. Sextus 35), which is not to be contaminated by sinful indulgence (on Greco-Roman purity regulations for entry into temples, s. for example SIG 983 and note 3): τὸ σῶμα ὑμῶν ν. τοῦ ἐν ὑμῖν ἁγίου πνεύματός ἐστιν your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit (dwelling) within you 1 Cor 6:19. The habitation of the heart is a ν. ἅγιος τῷ κυρίῳ 6:15; cp. the development of this thought 16:6–10 (Pythagorean saying in HSchenkl, Wiener Stud 8, 1886, 273 no. 66 νεὼς θεοῦ σοφὸς νοῦς, ὸ̔ν ἀεὶ χρὴ παρασκευάζειν κ. κατακοσμεῖν εἰς παραδοχὴν θεοῦ. Cp. Sextus 46a; Synes., Dio 9 p. 49c νεὼς οὗτος [i.e., the νοῦς οἰκεῖος θεῷ=the Νοῦς is the real temple of God]). Of spirit-filled Christians γίνεσθαι ν. τέλειον τῷ θεῷ 4:11. φυλάσσειν τὴν σάρκα ὡς ν. θεοῦ 2 Cl 9:3; τηρεῖν τὴν σάρκα ὡς ν. θεοῦ IPhld 7:2. Hence individual Christians are called αὐτοῦ (=θεοῦ) ναοί IEph 15:3. Of a Christian congregation 1 Cor 3:16, 17ab; 2 Cor 6:16ab. αὔξει εἰς ναὸν ἅγιον ἐν κυρίῳ Eph 2:21. The Christians are λίθοι ναοῦ πατρός stones for the Father’s temple IEph 9:1. To place great emphasis on the oneness of the Christian community (which permits no division) Christians are challenged thus: πάντες ὡς εἰς ἕνα ναὸν συντρέχετε θεοῦ come together, all of you, as to one temple of God IMg 7:2.—(Cp.: ναοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ ὄντος τοῦ παντὸς κόσμου ‘the entire world is God’s temple’ Orig., C. Cels. 7, 44, 38).—S. ἱερόν b.—KBaltzer, HTR 58, ’65, 263–77 (Luke); BGärtner, The Temple and the Community in Qumran and in the NT ’65; RClements, God and Temple ’65 (OT).
    ⓔ The uses in J 2:19, 20, 21 call for special attention. Jesus, standing in Jersualem’s temple exclaims, λύσατε τὸν ναὸν τοῦτον καὶ ἐν τρισίν ἡμέραις ἐγερῶ αὐτόν destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it (vs. 19), which some persons in the narrative understand as a ref. to the physical structure (vs. 20), but the narrator interprets it as a reference to the ναὸς τοῦ σώματος αὐτοῦ temple of his body (vs. 21) (AMDubarle, Le signe du Temple [J 2:19]: RB 48, ’39, 21–44; OCullmann, TZ 4, ’48, 367). Cp. the description of Christ’s body δικαιοσύνης ν. AcPlCor 2:17.—B. 1465. DELG. M-M. DLNT 1159–66. EDNT. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ναός

  • 13 BERA

    * * *
    I)
    (ber; bar, bárum; borinn), v.
    I.
    1) to bear, carry, convey (bar B. biskup í börum suðr í Hvamm);
    bera (farm) af skipi, to unload a ship;
    bera (mat) af borði, to take (the meat) off the table;
    bera e-t á hesti, to carry on horseback;
    2) to wear (bera klæði, vápn, kórónu);
    bera œgishjálm, to inspire fear and awe;
    3) to bear, produce, yield (jörðin berr gras; tré bera aldin, epli);
    4) to bear, give birth to, esp. of sheep and cows;
    kýr hafði borit kálf, had calved;
    absol., ván at hón mundi bera, that the cow would calve;
    the pp. is used of men; hann hafði verit blindr borinn, born blind;
    verða borinn í þenna heim, to be born into this world;
    þann sóma, sem ek em til borinn, born to;
    borinn e-m, frá e-m (rare), born of;
    Nótt var Nörvi borin, was the daughter of N.;
    borinn Sigmundi, son of S.;
    5) bera e-n afli, ofrafli, ofrliði, ofrmagni, ofríki, to bear one down, overcome, oppress, one by odds or superior force;
    bera e-n ráðum, to overrule one;
    bera e-n bjóri, to make drunk with beer;
    verða bráðum borinn, to be taken by surprise;
    borinn verkjum, overcome by pains;
    þess er borin ván, there is no hope, all hope is gone;
    borinn baugum, bribed; cf. bera fé á e-n, to bribe one;
    6) to lear, be capable of bearing (of a ship, horse, vehicle);
    þeir hlóðu bæði skipin sem borð báru, with as much as they could carry;
    fig., to sustain, support (svá mikill mannfjöldi, at landit fekk eigi borit);
    of persons, to bear up against, endure, support (grief, sorrow, etc.);
    absol., bar hann drengiliga, he bore it manfully;
    similarly, bera (harm) af sér, berast vel (illa, lítt) af;
    bar hon sköruliga af sér, she bore up bravely;
    hversu berst Auðr af um bróðurdauðann, how does she bear it?
    hon berst af lítt, she is much cast down;
    bera sik vel upp, to bear well up against;
    7) bera e-t á, e-n á hendr e-m, to charge or tax one with (eigi erum vér þess valdir, er þú berr á oss);
    bera (kvið) á e-n, to give a verdict against, declare guilty (í annat sinn báru þeir á Flosa kviðinn);
    bera af e-m (kviðinn), to give a verdict for;
    bera e-t af sér, to deny having done a thing;
    bera or bera vitni, vætti, to bear witness, testify;
    bera or bera um e-t, to give a verdict in a case;
    bera e-n sannan at sök, to prove guilty by evidence;
    bera e-n undan sök, to acquit;
    bera í sundr frændsemi þeirra, to prove (by evidence) that they are not relations;
    refl. (pass.), berast, to be proved by evidence (þótt þér berist þat faðerni, er þú segir);
    8) to set forth, report, tell;
    bera e-m kveðju (orð, orðsending), to bring one a greeting, compliments (word, message);
    bera or bera fram erindi sín fyrir e-n, to state (tell) one’s errand or to plead one’s case before one;
    bera e-m njósn, to apprise one;
    bera e-t upp, to produce, mention, tell;
    bera upp erindi sín, to state one’s errand;
    bera saman ráð sín, to consult together;
    eyddist það ráð, er þeir báru saman, which they had designed;
    9) to keep, hold, bear, of a title (bera jarlnafn, konnungsnafn);
    bera (eigi) giptu, gæfu, hammingju, auðnu til e-s, (not) to have the good fortune to do a thing (bar hann enga gæfu til at þjóna þér);
    bera vit, skyn, kunnáttu á e-t, to have knowledge of, uniderstanding about;
    bera hug, áræði, þor, traust til e-s, to have courage, confidence to do a thing;
    bera áhyggju fyrir e-u, to be concerned about;
    bera ást, elsku, hatr til e-s, to bear affection, love, hatred to;
    10) to bear off or away, carry off (some gain);
    bera sigr af e-m, af e-u, to carry off the victory from or in;
    hann hafði borit sigr af tveim orustum, he had been victorious in two battles;
    bera hærra (lægra) hlut to get the best (the worst) of it;
    bera efra (hærra) skjöld, to gain the victory;
    bera hátt (lágt) höfuðit, to bear the head high (low), to be in high (low) spirits;
    bera halann bratt, lágt, to cock up or let fall the tail, to be in high or low spirits;
    11) with preps.:
    bera af e-m, to surpass;
    en þó bar Bolli af, surpassed all the rest;
    bera af sér högg, lag to ward off, parry a blow or thrust;
    bera eld at, to set fire to;
    bera fjötur (bönd) at e-m, to put fetters (bonds) on one;
    bera á or í, to smear, anoint (bera vatn í augu sér, bera tjöru í höfuð sér);
    bera e-t til, to apply to, to try if it fits (bera til hvern lykil af öðrum at portinu);
    bera e-t um, to wind round;
    þá bar hann þá festi um sik, made it fast round his body;
    bera um með e-n, to bear with, have patience with;
    bera út barn, to expose a child;
    12) refl., berast mikit (lítit) á, to bear oneself proudly (humbly);
    láta af berast, to die;
    láta fyrir berast e-s staðar, to stay, remain in a place (for shelter);
    berast e-t fyrir, to design a thing (barst hann þat fyrir at sjá aldregi konur);
    at njósna um, hvat hann bærist fyrir, to inquire into what he was about;
    berast vápn á, to attack one another;
    berast at or til, to happen;
    þat barst at (happened) á einhverju sumri;
    ef svá harðliga kann til at berast, if that misfortune does happen;
    berast í móti, to happen, occur;
    hefir þetta vel í móti borizt, it is a happy coincidence;
    berast við, to be prevented;
    ok nú lét almáttugr guð við berast kirkjubrunann, prevented, stopped the burning of the church;
    II. impers., denoting a sort of passive or involuntary motion;
    alla berr at sama brunni, all come to the same well (end);
    bar hann (acc.) þá ofan gegnt Ösuri, he happened to come down just opposite to Ö.;
    esp. of ships and sailors; berr oss (acc.) til Íslands eða annarra landa, we drift to Iceland or other countries;
    þá (acc.) bar suðr í haf, they were carried out southwards;
    Skarpheðin (acc.) bar nú at þeim, S. came suddenly upon them;
    ef hann (acc.) skyldi bera þar at, if he should happen to come there;
    e-n berr yfir, one is borne onwards, of a bird flying, a man riding;
    hann (acc.) bar skjótt yfir, it passed quickly (of a flying meteor);
    2) followed by preps.:
    Gunnar sér, at rauðan kyrtil bar við glugginn, that a red kirtle passed before the window;
    hvergi bar skugga (acc.) á, there was nowhere a shadow;
    e-t berr fram (hátt), is prominent;
    Ólafr konungr stóð í lyptingu ok bar hann (acc.) hátt mjök, stood out conspicuously;
    e-t berr á milli, comes between;
    leiti (acc.) bar á milli, a hill hid the prospect;
    fig. e-m berr e-t á milli, they are at variance about a thing;
    mart (acc.) berr nú fyrir augu mér, many things come now before my eyes;
    veiði (acc.) berr í hendr e-m, game falls to one’s lot;
    e-t berr undan, goes amiss, fails;
    bera saman, to coincide;
    bar nöfn þeirra saman, they had the same name;
    fig., with dat.; bar öllum sögum vel saman, all the stories agreed well together;
    fund várn bar saman, we met;
    3) bera at, til, við, at hendi, til handa, to befall, happen, with dat. of the person;
    svá bar at einn vetr, it happened one winter;
    þó at þetta vandræði (acc.) hafi nú borit oss (dat.) at hendi, has befallen us;
    bar honum svá til, it so befell him;
    þat bar við (it so happened), at Högni kom;
    raun (acc.) berr á, it is proved by fact;
    4) of time, to fall upon;
    ef þing (acc.) berr á hina helgu viku, if the parliament falls in the holy week;
    bera í móti, to coincide, happen exactly at the same time;
    5) denoting cause;
    e-t berr til, causes a thing;
    konungr spurði, hvat til bæri úgleði hans, what was the cause of his grief;
    ætluðu þat þá allir, at þat mundi til bera, that that was the reason;
    berr e-m nauðsyn til e-s, one is obliged to do a thing;
    6) e-t berr undir e-n, falls to a person’s lot;
    hon á arf at taka, þegar er undir hana berr, in her turn;
    e-t berr frá, is surpassing;
    er sagt, at þat (acc.) bæri frá, hvé vel þeir mæltu, it was extraordinary how well they spoke;
    7) e-t berr bráðum, happens of a sudden;
    e-t berr stóru, stórum (stœrrum), it amounts to much (more), it matters a great deal (more), it is of great (greater) importance;
    8) absol. or with an adv., vel, illa, with infin.;
    e-m berr (vel, illa) at gera e-t, it becomes, beseems one (well, ill) to do a thing (berr yðr vel, herra, at sjá sannindi á þessu máli);
    used absol., berr vel, illa, it is beseeming, proper, fit, or unbeseeming, improper, unfit (þat þykkir eigi illa bera, at).
    (að), v. to make bare (hon beraði likam sinn).
    * * *
    1.
    u, f.
    I. [björn], a she-bear, Lat. ursa; the primitive root ‘ber’ remains only in this word (cp. berserkr and berfjall), björn (q. v.) being the masc. in use, Landn. 176, Fas. i. 367, Vkv. 9: in many Icel. local names, Beru-fjörðr, -vík, from Polar bears; fem. names, Bera, Hallbera, etc., Landn.
    II. a shield, poët., the proverb, baugr er á beru sæmstr, to a shield fits best a baugr (q. v.), Lex. Poët., Edda (Gl.); hence names of poems Beru-drápa, Eg.
    2.
    bar, báru, borit, pres. berr,—poët. forms with the suffixed negative; 3rd pers. sing. pres. Indic. berrat, Hm. 10; 3rd pers. sing. pret. barat, Vellekla; 1st pers. sing. barkak, Eb. 62 (in a verse); barkat ek, Hs. 8; 2nd pers. sing. bartattu; 3rd pers. pl. bárut, etc., v. Lex. Poët. [Gr. φέρειν; Lat. ferre; Ulf. bairan; A. S. beran; Germ. gebären; Engl. bear; Swed. bära; Dan. bære].
    A. Lat. ferre, portare:
    I. prop. with a sense of motion, to bear, carry, by means of the body, of animals, of vehicles, etc., with acc., Egil tók mjöðdrekku eina mikla, ok bar undir hendi sér, Eg. 237; bar hann heim hrís, Rm. 9; konungr lét bera inn kistur tvær, báru tveir menn hverja, Eg. 310; bera farm af skipi, to unload a ship, Ld. 32; bera (farm) á skip, to load a ship, Nj. 182; tóku alla ösku ok báru á á ( amnem) út, 623, 36; ok bar þat ( carried it) í kerald, 43, K. Þ. K. 92; b. mat á borð, í stofu, to put the meat on table, in the oven; b. mat af borði, to take it off table, Eb. 36, 266, Nj. 75, Fms. ix. 219, etc.
    2. Lat. gestare, ferre, denoting to wear clothes, to carry weapons; skikkja dýr er konungr hafði borit, Eg. 318; b. kórónu, to wear the crown, Fms. x. 16; atgeir, Nj. 119; vápn, 209: metaph., b. ægishjálm, to inspire fear and awe; b. merki, to carry the flag in a battle, Nj. 274, Orkn. 28, 30, 38, Fms. v. 64, vi. 413; bera fram merki, to advance, move in a battle, vi. 406.
    3. b. e-t á hesti (áburðr), to carry on horseback; Auðunn bar mat á hesti, Grett. 107; ok bar hrís á hesti, 76 new Ed.; þeir báru á sjau hestum, 98 new Ed.
    II. without a sense of motion:
    1. to give birth to; [the root of barn, bairn; byrja, incipere; burðr, partus; and burr, filius: cp. Lat. parĕre; also Gr. φέρειν, Lat. ferre, of child-bearing.] In Icel. prose, old as well as mod., ‘ala’ and ‘fæða’ are used of women; but ‘bera,’ of cows and sheep; hence sauðburðr, casting of lambs, kýrburðr; a cow is snembær, siðbær, Jólabær, calves early, late, at Yule time, etc.; var ekki ván at hon ( the cow) mundi b. fyr en um várit, Bs. i. 193, 194; kýr hafði borit kálf, Bjarn. 32; bar hvárrtveggi sauðrinn sinn burð, Stj. 178: the participle borinn is used of men in a great many compds in a general sense, aptrborinn, árborinn, endrborinn, frjálsborinn, goðborinn, höldborinn, hersborinn, konungborinn, óðalborinn, samborinn, sundrborinn, velborinn, úborinn, þrælborinn, etc.; also out of compds, mun ek eigi upp gefa þann sóma, sem ek em til borinn, … entitled to by inheritance, Ld. 102; hann hafði blindr verit borinn, born blind, Nj. 152, Hdl. 34, 42, Vsp. 2: esp. borinn e-m, born of one, Rm. 39, Hdl. 12, 23, 27, Hðm. 2, Gs. 9, Vþm. 25, Stor. 16, Vkv. 15; borinn frá e-m, Hdl. 24: the other tenses are in theol. Prose used of Christ, hans blezaða son er virðist at láta berast hingað í heim af sinni blezaðri móður, Fms. i. 281; otherwise only in poetry, eina dóttur (acc.) berr álfröðull (viz. the sun, regarded as the mother), Vþm. 47; hann Gjálp um bar, hann Greip um bar …, Hdl. 36: borit (sup.), Hkv. 1. 1.
    β. of trees, flowers; b. ávöxt, blóm …, to bear fruit, flower … (freq.); bar aldinviðrinn tvennan blóma, Fms. ix. 265; cp. the phrase, bera sitt barr, v. barr.
    2. denoting to load, with acc. of the person and dat. of the thing:
    α. in prop. sense; hann hafði borit sik mjök vápnum, he had loaded himself with arms, i. e. wore heavy armour, Sturl. iii. 250.
    β. but mostly in a metaph. sense; b. e-n ofrafli, ofrmagni, ofrliði, ofríki, magni, to bear one down, to overcome, oppress one, by odds or superior force, Grág. i. 101, ii. 195, Nj. 80, Hkr. ii. 371, Gþl. 474, Stj. 512, Fms. iii. 175 (in the last passage a dat. pers. badly); b. e-n ráðum, to overrule one, Nj. 198, Ld. 296; b. e-n málum, to bearhim down (wrongfully) in a lawsuit, Nj. 151; b. e-n bjóri, to make drunk, Vkv. 26: medic., borinn verkjum, sótt, Bjarn. 68, Og. 5; bölvi, Gg. 2: borne down, feeling heavy pains; þess er borin ván, no hope, all hope is gone, Ld. 250; borinn sök, charged with a cause, Fms. v. 324, H. E. i. 561; bráðum borinn, to be taken by surprise, Fms. iv. 111; b. fé, gull á e-n, to bring one a fee, gold, i. e. to bribe one, Nj. 62; borinn baugum, bribed, Alvm. 5; always in a bad sense, cp. the law phrase, b. fé í dóm, to bribe a court, Grág., Nj. 240.
    3. to bear, support, sustain, Lat. sustinere, lolerare, ferre:
    α. properly, of a ship, horse, vehicle, to bear, be capable of bearing; þeir hlóðu bæði skipin sem borð báru, all that they could carry, Eb. 302;—a ship ‘berr’ ( carries) such and such a weight; but ‘tekr’ ( takes) denotes a measure of fluids.
    β. metaph. to sustain, support; dreif þannig svá mikill mannfjöldi at landit fékk eigi borit, Hkr. i. 56; but metaph. to bear up against, endure, support grief, sorrow, etc., sýndist öllum at Guð hefði nær ætlað hvat hann mundi b. mega, Bs. i. 139; biðr hann friðar ok þykist ekki mega b. reiði hans, Fms. iii. 80: the phrase, b. harm sinn í hljóði, to suffer silently; b. svívirðing, x. 333: absol., þótti honum mikit víg Kjartans, en þó bar hann drengilega, he bore it manfully, Ld. 226; er þat úvizka, at b. eigi slíkt, not to bear or put up with, Glúm. 327; b. harm, to grieve, Fms. xi. 425: in the phrases, b. sik, b. af sér, berask, berask vel (illa, lítt), to bear oneself, to bear up against misfortune; Guðrúnu þótti mikit fráfall Þorkels, en þó bar hon sköruliga af sér, she bore her bravely up, Ld. 326–328; lézt hafa spurt at ekkjan bæri vel af sér harmana, Eb. 88; berask af; hversu bersk Auðr af um bróðurdauðann? (how does she bear it?); hón bersk af lítt ( she is much borne down) ok þykir mikit, Gísl. 24; niun oss vandara gört en öðrum at vér berim oss vel (Lat. fortiter ferre), Nj. 197; engi maðr hefði þar jamvel borit sik, none bad borne himself so boldly, Sturl. iii. 132; b. sik vel upp, to bear well up against, bear a stout heart, Hrafn. 17; b. sik beiskliga ( sorely), Stj. 143; b. sik lítt, to be downcast, Fms. ii. 61; b. sik at göra e-t, to do one’s best, try a thing.
    III. in law terms or modes of procedure:
    1. bera járn, the ordeal of bearing hot iron in the hand, cp. járnburðr, skírsla. This custom was introduced into Scandinavia together with Christianity from Germany and England, and superseded the old heathen ordeals ‘hólmganga,’ and ‘ganga undir jarðarmen,’ v. this word. In Norway, during the civil wars, it was esp. used in proof of paternity of the various pretenders to the crown, Fms. vii. 164, 200, ix. Hák. S. ch. 14, 41–45, viii. (Sverr. S.) ch. 150, xi. (Jómsv. S.) ch. 11, Grett. ch. 41, cp. N. G. L. i. 145, 389. Trial by ordeal was abolished in Norway A. D. 1247. In Icel. It was very rarely mentioned, vide however Lv. ch. 23 (paternity), twice or thrice in the Sturl. i. 56, 65, 147, and Grág. i. 341, 361; it seems to have been very seldom used there, (the passage in Grett. S. l. c. refers to Norway.)
    2. bera út (hence útburðr, q. v.), to expose children; on this heathen custom, vide Grimm R. A. In heathen Icel., as in other parts of heathen Scandinavia, it was a lawful act, but seldom exercised; the chief passages on record are, Gunnl. S. ch. 3 (ok þat var þá siðvandi nokkurr, er land var allt alheiðit, at þeir menn er félitlir vórn, en stóð ómegð mjök til handa létu út bera börn sín, ok þótti þó illa gört ávalt), Fs. Vd. ch. 37, Harð. S. ch. 8, Rd. ch. 7, Landn. v. ch. 6, Finnb. ch. 2, Þorst. Uxaf. ch. 4, Hervar. S. ch. 4, Fas. i. 547 (a romance); cp. Jómsv. S. ch. 1. On the introduction of Christianity into Icel. A. D. 1000, it was resolved that, in regard to eating of horse-flesh and exposure of children, the old laws should remain in force, Íb. ch. 9; as Grimm remarks, the exposure must take place immediately after birth, before the child had tasted food of any kind whatever, and before it was besprinkled with water (ausa vatni) or shown to the father, who had to fix its name; exposure, after any of these acts, was murder, cp. the story of Liafburga told by Grimm R. A.); v. Also a Latin essay at the end of the Gunnl. S. (Ed. 1775). The Christian Jus Eccl. put an end to this heathen barbarism by stating at its very beginning, ala skal barn hvert er borit verðr, i. e. all children, if not of monstrous shape, shall be brought up, N. G. L. i. 339, 363.
    β. b. út (now more usual, hefja út, Am. 100), to carry out for burial; vera erfðr ok tit borinn, Odd. 20; var hann heygðr, ok út borinn at fornum sið, Fb. i. 123; b. á bál, to place (the body and treasures) upon the pile, the mode of burying in the old heathen time, Fas. i. 487 (in a verse); var hon borin á bálit ok slegit í eldi, Edda 38.
    B. Various and metaph. cases.
    I. denoting motion:
    1. ‘bera’ is in the Grág. the standing law term for delivery of a verdict by a jury (búar), either ‘bera’ absol. or adding kvið ( verdict); bera á e-n, or b. kvið á e-n, to give a verdict against, declare guilty; bera af e-m, or b. af e-m kviðinn, to give a verdict for; or generally, bera, or b. um e-t, to give a verdict in a case; bera, or b. vitni, vætti, also simply means to testify, to witness, Nj. 111, cp. kviðburðr ( delivering of verdict), vitnisburðr ( bearing witness), Grág. ii. 28; eigi eigu búar ( jurors) enn at b. um þat hvat lög eru á landi hér, the jurors have not to give verdict in (to decide) what is law in the country, cp. the Engl. maxim, that jurors have only to decide the question of evidence, not of law, Grág. (Kb.) ch. 85; eigi eru búar skildir at b. um hvatvetna; um engi mál eigu þeir at skilja, þau er erlendis ( abroad) hafa görzt, id.; the form in delivering the verdict—höfum vér ( the jurors), orðit á eitt sáttir, berum á kviðburðinn, berum hann sannan at sökinni, Nj. 238, Grág. i. 49, 22, 138, etc.; í annat sinn báru þeir á Flosa kviðinn, id.; b. annattveggja af eðr á; b. undan, to discharge, Nj. 135; b. kvið í hag ( for), Grág. i. 55; b. lýsingar vætti, Nj. 87; b. vitni ok vætti, 28, 43, 44; b. ljúgvitni, to bear false witness, Grág. i. 28; b. orð, to bear witness to a speech, 43; bera frændsemi sundr, to prove that they are not relations, N. G. L. i. 147: reflex., berask ór vætti, to prove that oneself is wrongly summoned to bear witness or to give a verdict, 44: berask in a pass. sense, to be proved by evidence, ef vanefni b. þess manns er á hönd var lýst, Grág. i. 257; nema jafnmæli berisk, 229; þótt þér berisk þat faðerni er þú segir, Fms. vii. 164; hann kvaðst ætla, at honum mundi berask, that he would be able to get evidence for, Fs. 46.
    β. gener. and not as a law term; b. á, b. á hendr, to charge; b. e-n undan, to discharge, Fs. 95; eigi erum vér þessa valdir er þú berr á oss, Nj. 238, Ld. 206, Fms. iv. 380, xi. 251, Th. 78; b. e-m á brýnn, to throw in one’s face, to accuse, Greg. 51; b. af sér, to deny; eigi mun ek af mér b., at… ( non diffitebor), Nj. 271; b. e-m gott vitni, to give one a good…, 11; b. e-m vel (illa) söguna, to bear favourable (unfavourable) witness of one, 271.
    2. to bear by word of mouth, report, tell, Lat. referre; either absol. or adding kveðju, orð, orðsending, eyrindi, boð, sögu, njósn, frétt…, or by adding a prep., b. fram, frá, upp, fyrir; b. kveðju, to bring a greeting, compliment, Eg. 127; b. erindi (sín) fyrir e-n, to plead one’s case before one, or to tell one’s errand, 472, 473; b. njósn, to apprise, Nj. 131; b. fram, to deliver (a speech), talaði jungherra Magnús hit fyrsta erindi (M. made his first speech in public), ok fanst mönnum mikit um hversu úbernsliga fram var borit, Fms. x. 53; (in mod. usage, b. fram denotes gramm. to pronounce, hence ‘framburðr,’ pronunciation); mun ek þat nú fram b., I shall now tell, produce it, Ld. 256, Eg. 37; b. frá, to attest, relate with emphasis; má þat frá b., Dropl. 21; b. upp, to produce, mention, tell, þótt slík lygi sé upp borin fyrir hann, though such a lie be told him, Eg. 59; þær (viz. charges) urðu engar upp bornar ( produced) við Rút, Nj. 11; berr Sigtryggr þegar upp erindi sín (cp. Germ. ojfenbaren), 271, Ld. 256; b. upp gátu, to give (propound) a riddle, Stj. 411, Fas. i. 464; b. fyrir, to plead as an excuse; b. saman ráð sín, or the like, to consult, Nj. 91; eyddist þat ráð, er þeir báru saman, which they had designed, Post. 656 A. ii; b. til skripta, to confess (eccl.), of auricular confession, Hom. 124, 655 xx.
    II. in a metaphorical or circumlocutory sense, and without any sense of motion, to keep, hold, bear, of a title; b. nafn, to bear a name, esp. as honour or distinction; tignar nafn, haulds nafn, jarls nafn, lends manns nafn, konungs nafn, bónda nafn, Fms. i. 17, vi. 278, xi. 44, Gþl. 106: in a more metaph. sense, denoting endowments, luck, disposition, or the like, b. (ekki) gæfu, hamingju, auðnu til e-s, to enjoy (enjoy not) good or bad luck, etc.; at Þórólfr mundi eigi allsendis gæfu til b. um vináttu við Harald, Eg. 75, 112, 473, Fms. iv. 164, i. 218; úhamingju, 219; b. vit, skyn, kunnáttu á (yfir) e-t, to bring wit, knowledge, etc., to bear upon a thing, xi. 438, Band. 7; hence vel (illa) viti borinn, well (ill) endowed with wit, Eg. 51; vel hyggjandi borinn, well endowed with reason, Grág. ii; b. hug, traust, áræði, þor, til e-s, to have courage, confidence … to do a thing, Gullþ. 47, Fms. ix. 220, Band. 7; b. áhyggju, önn fyrir, to care, be concerned about, Fms. x. 318; b. ást, elsku til e-s, to bear affection, love to one; b. hatr, to hate: b. svört augu, to have dark eyes, poët., Korm. (in a verse); b. snart hjarta, Hom. 5; vant er þat af sjá hvar hvergi berr hjarta sitt, where he keeps his heart, Orkn. 474; b. gott hjarta, to bear a proud heart, Lex. Poët., etc. etc.; b. skyndi at um e-t, to make speed with a thing, Lat. festinare, Fms. viii. 57.
    2. with some sense of motion, to bear off or away, carry off, gain, in such phrases as, b. sigr af e-m, af e-u, to carry off the victory from or in …; hann hafði borit sigr af tveim orrustum, er frægstar hafa verit, he had borne off the victory in two battles, Fms. xi. 186; bera banaorð af e-m, to slay one in a fight, to be the victor; Þorr berr banaorð af Miðgarðsormi, Edda 42, Fms. x. 400: it seems properly to mean, to bear off the fame of having killed a man; verðat svá rík sköp, at Regin skyli mitt banorð bera, Fm. 39; b. hærra, lægra hlut, ‘to bear off the higher or the lower lot,’ i. e. to get the best or the worst of it, or the metaphor is taken from a sortilege, Fms. ii. 268, i. 59, vi. 412; b. efra, hærra skjöld, to carry the highest shield, to get the victory, x. 394, Lex. Poët.; b. hátt (lágt) höfuðit, to bear the head high (low), i. e. to be in high or low spirits, Nj. 91; but also, b. halann bratt (lágt), to cock up or let fall the tail (metaph. from cattle), to be in an exultant or low mood: sundry phrases, as, b. bein, to rest the bones, be buried; far þú til Íslands, þar mun þér auðið verða beinin at b., Grett. 91 A; en þó hygg ek at þú munir hér b. beinin í Norðrálfunni, Orkn. 142; b. fyrir borð, to throw overboard, metaph. to oppress; verðr Þórhalli nú fyrir borð borinn, Th. was defied, set at naught, Fær. 234; b. brjóst fyrir e-m, to be the breast-shield, protection of one, Fms. vii. 263: also, b. hönd fyrir höfuð sér, metaph. to put one’s hand before one’s head, i. e. to defend oneself; b. ægishjálm yfir e-m, to keep one in awe and submission, Fm. 16, vide A. I. 2.
    III. connected with prepp., b. af, and (rarely) yfir (cp. afburðr, yfirburðr), to excel, surpass; eigi sá hvárttveggja féit er af öðrum berr, who gets the best of it, Nj. 15; en þó bar Bolli af, B. surpassed all the rest, Ld. 330; þat mannval bar eigi minnr af öðrum mönnum um fríðleik, afi ok fræknleik, en Ormrinn Langi af öðrum skipum, Fms. ii. 252; at hinn útlendi skal yfir b. ( outdo) þann sem Enskir kalla meistara, xi. 431: b. til, to apply, try if it fits; en er þeir báru til (viz. shoes to the hoof of a horse), þá var sem hæfði hestinum, ix. 55; bera til hvern lykil at öðrum at portinu, Thom. 141; b. e-t við, to try it on (hence viðburðr, experiment, effort): b. um, to wind round, as a cable round a pole or the like, Nj. 115; þá bar hann þá festi um sik, made it fast round his body, Fms. ix. 219; ‘b. e-t undir e-n’ is to consult one, ellipt., b. undir dóm e-s; ‘b. e-t fyrir’ is to feign, use as excuse: b. á, í, to smear, anoint; b. vatn í augu sér, Rb. 354; b. tjöru í höfuð sér, Nj. 181, Hom. 70, 73, cp. áburðr; b. gull, silfr, á, to ornament with gold or silver, Ld. 114, Finnb. 258: is now also used = to dung, b. á völl; b. vápn á e-n, to attack one with sharp weapons, Eg. 583, Fms. xi. 334: b. eld at, to set fire to, Nj. 122; b. fjötur (bönd) at e-m, to put fetters (bonds) on one, Fms. x. 172, Hm. 150: metaph. reflex., bönd berask at e-m, a law term, the evidence bears against one; b. af sér, to parry off; Gyrðr berr af sér lagit, G. parries the thrust off, Fms. x. 421; cp. A. II. 3. β.
    IV. reflex., berask mikit á (cp. áburðr), to bear oneself proudly, or b. lítið á, to bear oneself humbly; hann var hinn kátasti ok barst á mikit, Fms. ii. 68, viii. 219, Eb. 258; b. lítið á, Clem. 35; láta af berask, to die; Óttarr vill skipa til um fjárfar sitt áðr hann láti af b., Fms. ii. 12: berask fyrir, to abide in a place as an asylum, seek shelter; hér munu vit láta fyrir b., Fas. iii. 471; berask e-t fyrir, to design a thing, be busy about, barsk hann þat fyrir at sjá aldregi konur, Greg. 53; at njósna um hvat hann bærist fyrir, to inquire into what he was about, Fms. iv. 184, Vígl. 19.
    β. recipr. in the phrase, berask banaspjót eptir, to seek for one another’s life, Glúm. 354: b. vápn á, of a mutual attack with sharp weapons, Fms. viii. 53.
    γ. pass., sár berask á e-n, of one in the heat of battle beginning to get wounds and give way, Nj.:—berask við, to be prevented, not to do; ok nú lét Almáttugr Guð við berast kirkjubrunnann, stopped, prevented the burning of the church, Fms. v. 144; en mér þætti gott ef við bærist, svá at hón kæmi eigi til þín, vi. 210, vii. 219; ok var þá búit at hann mundi þegar láta hamarinn skjanna honum, en hann lét þat við berask, he bethought himself and did not, Edda 35; því at mönnum þótti sem þannig mundi helzt úhæfa við berask, that mischief would thus be best prevented, Sturl. ii. 6, iii. 80.
    C. IMPERS.:—with a sort of passive sense, both in a loc. and temp. sense, and gener. denotes an involuntary, passive motion, happening suddenly or by chance:
    I. with acc. it bears or carries one to a place, i. e. one happens to come; the proverb, alla (acc.) berr at sama brunni, all come to the same well (end), Lat. omnes una manet nox; bar hann þá ofan gegnt Özuri, he happened to come in his course just opposite to Ö., Lat. delatus est, Dropl. 25: esp. of ships or sailors; nú berr svá til ( happens) herra, at vér komum eigi fram ferðinni, berr oss (acc.) til Íslands eðr annara landa, it bore us to I., i. e. if we drive or drift thither, Fms. iv. 176; þá (acc. pl.) bar suðr í haf, they drifted southwards, Nj. 124.
    β. as a cricketing term, in the phrase, berr (bar) út knöttinn, the ball rolls out, Gísl. 26, cp. p. 110 where it is transit.; berr Gísli ok út knöttinn, vide Vígl. ch. 11, Grett. ch. 17, Vd. ch. 37, Hallfr. S. ch. 2.
    γ. Skarpheðin (acc.) bar nú at þeim, Sk. came suddenly upon them, Nj. 144; bar at Hróaldi þegar allan skjöldinn, the shield was dashed against H.’s body, 198; ok skyldu sæta honum, ef hann (acc.) bæri þar at, if he should per chance come, shew himself there, Orkn. 406; e-n berr yfir, it bears one, i. e. one is borne onwards, as a bird flying, a man riding; þóttist vita, at hann (acc.) mundi fljótara yfir bera ef hann riði en gengi, that he would get on more fleetly riding than walking, Hrafn. 7; hann (acc.) bar skjótt yfir, he passed quickly, of a flying meteor, Nj. 194; e-n berr undan, escapes.
    2. also with acc. followed by prepp. við, saman, jafnframt, hjá, of bodies coinciding or covering one another: loc., er jafnframt ber jaðrana tungls ok sólar, if the orb of the moon and sun cover each other, Rb. 34; þat kann vera stundum, at tunglit (acc.) berr jafht á millum vár ok sólar (i. e. in a moon eclipse), 108; ber nokkut jaðar (acc.) þess hjá sólar jaðri, 34; Gunnarr sér at rauðan kyrtil (acc.) bar við glugginn, G. sees that a red kirtle passed before the window, Nj. 114; bar fyrir utan þat skip vápnaburð (acc.) heiðingja (gen. pl.), the missiles of the heathens passed over the ship without hurting them, flew too high, Fms. vii. 232; hvergi bar skugga (acc.) á, nowhere a shadow, all bright, Nj. 118; þangat sem helzt mátti nokkut yfir þá skugga bera af skóginum, where they were shadowed (hidden) by the trees, Fms. x. 239; e-t berr fram (hátt), a body is prominent, Lat. eminet; Ólafr konungr stóð í lyptingunni, bar hann (acc.) hátt mjök, king O. stood out conspicuously, ii. 308; b. yfir, þótti mjök bera hljóð (acc.) þar yfir er Ólafr sat, the sound was heard over there where O. sat, Sturl. i. 21; b. á milli, something comes between; leiti (acc.) bar á milli, a hill hid the prospect, Nj. 263: metaph., e-m berr e-t á milli, they come to dissent, 13, v. 1.; b. fyrir augu (hence fyrirburðr, vision), of a vision or the like; mart (acc.) berr nú fyrir augu mér, ek sé …, many things come now before my eyes, 104; hann mundi allt þat er fyrir hann hafði borit, i. e. all the dream, 195; eina nótt berr fyrir hann í svefni mikla sýn, Fms. i. 137, Rd. 290; veiði (acc.) berr í hendr e-m (a metaphor from hunting), sport falls to one’s lot; hér bæri veiði í hendr nú, here would be a game, Nj. 252; e-t berr undan (a metaphor from fishing, hunting term), when one misses one’s opportunity; vel væri þá … at þá veiði (acc.) bæri eigi undan, that this game should not go amiss, 69; en ef þetta (acc.) berr undan, if this breaks down, 63; hon bað hann þá drepa einhvern manna hans, heldr en allt (acc.) bæri undan, rather than that all should go amiss, Eg. 258: absol., þyki mér illa, ef undan berr, if I miss it, Nj. 155; viljum vér ekki at undan beri at…, we will by no means miss it…, Fms. viii. 309, v. 1. The passage Bs. i. 416 (en fjárhlutr sá er átt hafði Ari, bar undan Guðmundi) is hardly correct, fjárhlut þann would run better, cp. bera undir, as a law term, below.
    II. adding prepp.; b. við, at, til, at hendi, at móti, til handa …, to befall, happen, Lat. accidere, occurrere, with dat. of the person, (v. atburðr, viðburðr, tilburðr); engi hlut skyldi þann at b., no such thing should happen as…, Fms. xi. 76; svá bar at einn vetr, it befell, x. 201; þat hefir nú víst at hendi borit, er…, Nj. 174; þó þetta vandræði (acc.) hafi nú borit oss (dat.) at hendi, Eg. 7; b. til handa, id., Sks. 327; bar honum svá til, so it befell him, Fms. xi. 425; at honum bæri engan váðaligan hlut til á veginum, that nothing dangerous should befall him on the way, Stj. 212; bæri þat þá svá við, at hann ryfi, it then perchance might happen, that …, 102; þat bar við at Högni kom, 169, 172, 82; raun (acc.) berr á, it is proved by the fact, event, Fms. ix. 474, x. 185.
    2. temp., e-t berr á, it happens to fall on …; ef þing (acc.) ber á hina helgu viku, if the parliament falls on the holy week (Whitsun), Grág. i. 106; ef Crucis messu (acc.) berr á Drottins dag, Rb. 44; berr hana (viz. Petrs messu, June 29) aldrei svá optarr á öldinni, 78; þat er nú berr oss næst, what has occurred of late, Sturl. iii. 182: b. í móti, to happen exactly at a time; þetta (acc.) bar í móti at þenna sama dag andaðist Brandr biskup, Bs. i. 468; b. saman, id.; bar þat saman, at pá var Gunnarr at segja brennusöguna, just when G. was about telling the story, Nj. 269.
    3. metaph. of agreement or separation; en þat (acc.) þykir mjök saman b. ok þessi frásögn, Fms. x. 276: with dat., bar öllum sögum vel saman, all the records agreed well together, Nj. 100, v. l.; berr nú enn í sundr með þeim, Bjarna ok Þorkatli at sinni, B. and Th. missed each other, Vápn. 25.
    4. denoting cause; e-t (acc.) berr til …, causes a thing; ætluðu þat þá allir, at þat mundi til bera, that that was the reason, Nj. 75; at þat beri til skilnaðar okkars, that this will make us to part (divorce), 261; konungr spurði, hvat til bæri úgleði hans, what was the cause of his grief? Fms. vi. 355; þat berr til tunglhlaups, Rb. 32.
    β. meiri ván at brátt beri þat (acc.) til bóta, at herviliga steypi hans ríki, i. e. there will soon come help (revenge), Fms. x. 264; fjórir eru þeir hlutir er menn (acc.) berr í ætt á landi hér, there are four cases under which people may be adopted, Grág. i. 361.
    γ. e-t berr undir e-n, falls to a person’s lot; hon á arf at taka þegar er undir hana berr, in her turn, 179; mikla erfð (acc.) bar undir hana, Mar. (Fr.); berr yfir, of surpassing, Bs. ii. 121, 158; b. frá, id. (fráburðr); herðimikill svá at þat (acc.) bar frá því sem aðrir menn, Eg. 305; er sagt, at þat bæri frá hve vel þeir mæltu, it was extraordinary how well they did speak, Jb. 11; bar þat mest frá hversu illa hann var limaðr, but above all, how…, Ó. H. 74.
    5. with adverbial nouns in a dat. form; e-t berr bráðum, happens of a sudden; berr þetta (acc.) nú allbráðum, Fms. xi. 139; cp. vera bráðum borinn, to be taken by surprise (above); berr stórum, stærrum, it matters a great deal; ætla ek stærrum b. hin lagabrotin (acc.), they are much more important, matter more, vii. 305; var þat góðr kostr, svá at stórum bar, xi. 50; hefir oss orðit svá mikil vanhyggja, at stóru berr, an enormous blunder, Gísl. 51; svá langa leið, at stóru bar, Fas. i. 116; þat berr stórum, hversu mér þóknast vel þeirra athæfi, it amounts to a great deal, my liking their service, i. e. I do greatly like, Fms. ii. 37; eigi berr þat allsmám hversu vel mér líkar, in no small degree do I like, x. 296.
    β. with dat., it is fitting, becoming; svá mikit sem landeiganda (dat.) berr til at hafa eptir lögum, what he is legally entitled to, Dipl. iii. 10; berr til handa, it falls to one’s lot, v. above, Grág. i. 93.
    III. answering to Lat. oportet, absolutely or with an adverb, vel, illa, with infinit.; e-m berr, it beseems, becomes one; berr þat ekki né stendr þvílíkum höfuðfeðr, at falsa, Stj. 132; berr yðr (dat.) vel, herra, at sjá sannindi á þessu máli, Fms. ix. 326; sagði, at þat bar eigi Kristnum mönnum, at særa Guð, x. 22; þá siðu at mér beri vel, Sks. 353 B: used absol., berr vel, illa, it is beseeming, proper, fit, unbeseeming, unfit, improper; athæfi þat er vel beri fyrir konungs augliti, 282; þat þykir ok eigi illa bera, at maðr hafi svart skinn til hosna, i. e. it suits pretty well, 301: in case of a pers. pron. in acc. or dat. being added, the sentence becomes personal in order to avoid doubling the impers. sentence, e. g. e-m berr skylda (not skyldu) til, one is bound by duty; veit ek eigi hver skylda (nom.) yðr (acc.) ber til þess at láta jarl einn ráða, Fms. i. 52: also leaving the dat. out, skylda berr til at vera forsjámaðr með honum, vii. 280; eigi berr hér til úviska mín, it is not that I am not knowing, Nj. 135.
    IV. when the reflex. inflexion is added to the verb, the noun loses its impers. character and is turned from acc. into nom., e. g. þar (þat?) mun hugrinn minn mest hafa fyrir borizt, this is what I suspected, fancied, Lv. 34; cp. hugarburðr, fancy, and e-t berr fyrir e-n (above, C. I. 2); hefir þetta (nom.) vel í móti borizt, a happy coincidence, Nj. 104; ef svá harðliga kann til at berask, if the misfortunes do happen, Gþl. 55; barsk sú úhamingja (nom.) til á Íslandi, that mischief happened (no doubt the passage is thus to be emended), Bs. i. 78, but bar þá úhamingju …; þat (nom.) barsk at, happened, Fms. x. 253; fundir várir (nom.) hafa at borizt nokkurum sinnum, vii. 256; þat barsk at á einhverju sumri, Eg. 154; bærist at um síðir at allr þingheimrinn berðist, 765, cp. berast við, berask fyrir above (B. V.): berast, absol., means to be shaken, knocked about; var þess ván, at fylkingar mundu berast í hergöngunni, that they would be brought into some confusion, Fms. v. 74; Hrólfr gékk at ramliga, ok barst Atli (was shaken, gave away) fyrir orku sakir, þar til er hann féll. Fas. iii. 253; barst Jökull allr fyrir orku sakir (of two wrestling), Ísl. ii. 467, Fms. iii. 189: vide B. IV.
    D. In mod. usage the strong bera—bar is also used in impersonal phrases, denoting to let a thing be seen, shew, but almost always with a negative preceding, e. g. ekki bar (ber) á því, it could ( can) not be seen; að á engu bæri, láta ekki á bera ( to keep tight), etc. All these phrases are no doubt alterations from the weak verb bera, að, nudare, and never occur in old writers; we have not met with any instance previous to the Reformation; the use is certainly of late date, and affords a rare instance of weak verbs turning into strong; the reverse is more freq. the case.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > BERA

  • 14 κοινωνία

    κοινωνία, ας, ἡ (s. prec. entry; Pind.+; ins, pap, LXX; JosAs 7:6 cod. A; Philo [Mos. 1, 158 of communion w. God]; Joseph.; loanw. in rabb.; Just.; Tat. 18, 2; Ath.; Iren. 4, 18, 5 [Harv. II 205, 4] w. ἕνωσις).
    ① close association involving mutual interests and sharing, association, communion, fellowship, close relationship (hence a favorite expr. for the marital relationship as the most intimate betw. human beings Isocr. 3, 40; BGU 1051, 9 [I A.D.]; 1052, 7; POxy 1473, 33; 3 Macc 4:6; Jos., Ant. 1, 304; Did., Gen 235, 18. But s. also Diod S 10, 8, 2 ἡ τοῦ βίου κ.=the common type or bond of life that unites the Pythagoreans) τινός with or to someone (Amphis Com. [IV B.C.] 20, 3; Herodian 1, 10, 1; τοῦ θεοῦ Orig., C. Cels. 3, 56, 6); hence there is linguistic warrant to transl.: κ. τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ fellowship with God’s Son 1 Cor 1:9 (s. 4 below) and κ. τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος fellowship w. the Holy Spirit 2 Cor 13:13 (so JSickenberger comm. [Bonnerbibel 1919; 4th ed. ’32] ad loc. in the Trinitarian sense but s. WKümmel, appendix to HLtzm. comm. [Hdb]). Others take the latter gen. as a subjective gen. or gen. of quality fellowship brought about by the Holy Spirit (APlummer, w. reservations, comm. 2 Cor [ICC] et al.; TSchmidt, D. Leib Christi 1919, 135; s. 4 below). Corresp. κ. πνεύματος fellowship w. the Spirit Phil 2:1 (Synes., Prov. 1, 15 p. 108c κ. γνώμης=community of will and s. 2 below).—κοινωνία(ν ἔχειν) μετά τινος ( have) fellowship w. someone (cp. Job 34:8) w. God 1J 1:3b, 6 (cp. Epict. 2, 19, 27 περὶ τῆς πρὸς τὸν Δία κοινωνίας βουλευόμενον; Jos., Bell. 7, 264, C. Ap. 1, 35 [both πρός w. acc.]); w. fellow Christians vss. 3a, 7. εἴς τι (POxf 5f) ἡ κ. εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον close relationship w. the gospel Phil 1:5. ηὐδόκησαν κ. τινὰ ποιήσασθαι εἰς τοὺς πτωχούς they have undertaken to establish a rather close relation w. the poor Ro 15:26 (sim. GPeterman, Make a Contribution or Establish Fellowship: NTS 40, ’94, 457–63; but some prefer 3 below).—κ. πρός w. acc. connection with, relation to (Pla., Symp. 188c; Galen, Protr. 9 p. 28, 7 J.; SIG 646, 54 [170 B.C.]; Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 110 τίς οὖν κοινωνία πρὸς Ἀπόλλωνα τῷ μηδὲν οἰκεῖον ἐπιτετηδευκότι; cp. Jos., C. Ap. 2, 208; τοῦ πατρὸς πρὸς τὸν υἱὸν κ. Ath. 12, 2; πρὸς τὸ θειότερον κ. Orig., C. Cels. 3, 28, 47) τίς κ. φωτὶ πρὸς σκότος; what does darkness have in common with light? 2 Cor 6:14 (cp. Sir 13:2, 17f; Aristoph., Thes. 140 τίς κατόπτρου καὶ ξίφους κοινωνία;).—Abs. fellowship, (harmonious) unity (Hippol., Ref. 9, 12, 26) Ac 2:42 (s. JFitzmyer, PSchubert Festschr. ’66, 242–44 [Acts-Qumran] suggests that ‘community of goods’ [יחד] may be meant here, as 1QS 1, 11–13; 6, 17. On the problem of this term s. HBraun, Qumran u. d. NT, I, ’66; 143–50; s. also ACarr, The Fellowship of Ac 2:42 and Cognate Words: Exp. 8th ser., 5, 1913, 458ff). δεξιὰς κοινωνίας διδόναι τινί give someone the right hand of fellowship Gal 2:9 (JSampley, Pauline Partnership in Christ ’80, argues for a legal notion of ‘consensual societas’ but s. New Docs 3, 19).—κ. also has the concrete mng. society, brotherhood as a closely knit majority, naturally belonging together: Maximus Tyr. 15, 4b τί ἐστὶν τὸ τῆς κοινωνίας συμβόλαιον; what is the contribution (i.e., of the philosopher) to the community or (human) society? 16, 2m δημώδεις κοινωνίαι=meetings of the common people.—On ancient clubs and associations s. Poland; also JWaltzing, Étude historique sur les corporations professionnelles chez les Romaine, 4 vols. 1895–1900; EZiebarth, Das griechische Vereinswesen 1896.
    ② attitude of good will that manifests an interest in a close relationship, generosity, fellow-feeling, altruism (Epict. in Stob. 43 Sch. χρηστότητι κοινωνίας; Arrian, Anab. 7, 11, 9 κ. beside ὁμόνοια; Herm. Wr. 13, 9 [opp. πλεονεξία]) ἁπλότης τῆς κ. εἴς τινα 2 Cor 9:13. W. εὐποιί̈α Hb 13:16. The context permits this mng. also Phil 2:1 (s. 1 above). The transition to the next mng. is easy.
    ③ abstr. for concr. sign of fellowship, proof of brotherly unity, even gift, contribution (Lev 5:21; ins of Asia Minor: κ.=‘subsidy’ [Rdm.2 10]) Ro 15:26 (s. 1 above). Under this head we may perh. classify κοινωνία τ. αἵματος (σώματος) τοῦ Χριστοῦ a means for attaining a close relationship with the blood (body) of Christ 1 Cor 10:16ab (s. 4 below).
    ④ participation, sharing τινός in someth. (Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 67 §306 κ. τῶν παρόντων=in the present undertakings; 5, 71 §299 κ. τῆς ἀρχῆς in the rule; Polyaenus 6, 7, 2 κ. τοῦ μιάσματος in the foul deed; Maximus Tyr. 19, 3b τῆς ἀρετῆς; Synes., Kgdm. 13 p. 12c. κ. τῶν ἔργων=in the deeds of others; Wsd 8:18; Jos., Ant. 2, 62) ὅπως ἡ κ. τῆς πίστεώς σου ἐνεργὴς γένηται that your participation in the faith may be made known through your deeds Phlm 6. γνῶναι κοινωνίαν παθημάτων αὐτοῦ become aware of sharing his sufferings Phil 3:10. ἡ κ. τῆς διακονίας τῆς εἰς τοὺς ἁγίους taking part in the relief of God’s people 2 Cor 8:4. Perh. this is the place for 1 Cor 1:9 (s. 1 above); 2 Cor 13:13 ( participation in the Holy Spirit: Ltzm., Kümmel in appendix to Ltzm. comm., Windisch, Seesemann [s. below] 70; Goodsp., Probs. 169f; s. 1 above.—Cp. τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος κ. of ecstasy Did., Gen. 230, 16); 1 Cor 10:16 (participation in the blood [body] of Christ. So ASchlatter, Pls der Bote Jesu ’34, 295f et al.; s. 3 above. But perh. here κοινωνία w. gen. means the common possession or enjoyment of someth. [Diod S 8, 5, 1 ἀγελῶν κ.= of the flocks; Maximus Tyr. 19, 3b ἐπὶ κοινωνίᾳ τῆς ἀρετῆς=for the common possession of excellence; Diog. L. 7, 124; Synes., Kgdm. 20 p. 24b; Hierocles 6, 428: we are to choose the best man as friend and unite ourselves with him πρὸς τὴν τῶν ἀρετῶν κοινωνίαν=for the common possession or enjoyment of virtues; 7, 429 τῶν καλῶν τὴν κ.]. Then 1 Cor 10:16 would be: Do not the cup and the bread mean the common partaking of the body and blood of Christ? After all, we all partake of one and the same bread). Eph 3:9 v.l. (for οἰκονομία)—JCampbell, Κοινωνία and Its Cognates in the NT: JBL 51, ’32, 352–80; EGroenewald, Κοινωνία (gemeenskap) bij Pls, diss. Amst. ’32; HSeesemann, D. Begriff Κοινωνία im NT ’33; PEndenburg, Koinoonia … bij de Grieken in den klass. tijd ’37; HFord, The NT Conception of Fellowship: Shane Quarterly 6, ’45, 188–215; GJourdan, Κοινωνία in 1 Cor 10:16: JBL 67, ’48, 111–24; KNickle, The Collection, A Study in Paul’s Strategy, ’66.—EDNT additional bibl. S. also RAC IX 1100–1145.—DELG s.v. κοινός. M-M. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > κοινωνία

  • 15 त्रि _tri

    त्रि num. a. [Uṇ.5.66] (declined in pl. only, nom. त्रयः m., तिस्त्रः f., त्रीणि n.) Three; त एव हि त्रयो लोकास्त एव त्रय आश्रमाः &c. Ms.2.229; प्रियतमाभिरसौ तिसृभिर्बभौ R.9.18; त्रीणि वर्षाण्युदीक्षेत कुमार्यृतुमती सती Ms.9.9 [cf. L. tres; Gr. treis; A. S., Zend thri; Eng. three].
    -Comp. -अंशः 1 a three-fold share; त्र्यंशं दायाद्धरेद्विप्रः Ms.9.151.
    -2 a third part.
    -3 three-fourths.
    -अक्ष a. triocular.
    -अक्षः, -अक्षकः an epithet of Śiva; शुष्कस्नायु- स्वराह्लादात्त्र्यक्षं जग्राह रावणः Pt.5.57.
    -अक्षरः 1 the mystic syllable ओम् consisting of three letters; see under अ. आद्यं यत्त्र्यक्षरं ब्रह्म Ms.11.265.
    -2 a match- maker or घटक (that word consisting of three syllables).
    -3 a genealogist. (
    -री) knowledge, learning; see विद्या.
    -अङ्कटम्, -अङ्गटम् 1 three strings suspended to either end of a pole for carrying burdens.
    -2 a sort of colly- rium. (
    -टः) N. of Śiva.
    -अङ्गम् (pl.) a tripartite army (chariots, cavalry and infantry).
    -अङ्गुलम् three fingers' breadth.
    -अञ्जनम् the three kinds of collyrium; i. e. कालाञ्जन, रसाञ्जन and पुष्पाञ्जन.
    -अञ्जलम्, -लिः three handfuls taken collectively.
    -अधिपतिः (the lord of the 3 guṇas or worlds), an epithet of Viṣṇu; Bhāg.3.16.24.
    -अधिष्ठानः the soul. (
    नम्) spirit, life (चैतन्य). -a. having three stations; Ms.12.4.
    -अध्वगा, -मार्गगा, -वर्त्मगा epithets of the river Ganges (flowing through the three worlds).
    -अनीक a. having the three properties of heat, rain and cold; त्यनीकः पत्यते माहिनावान् Rv.3.56.3. (
    -का) an army consisting of horses, elephants and chariots.
    -अब्द a. three years old.
    -ब्दम् three years taken collectively.
    -अम्बकः (also त्रियम्बक in the same sense though rarely used in classical literature) 'having three eyes', N. of Śiva.; त्रियम्बकं संयमिनं ददर्श Ku.3.44; जडीकृतस्त्र्यम्बकवीक्षणेन R.2. 42;3.49. ˚सखः an epithet of Kubera; कुबेरस्त्र्यम्बकसखः Ak.
    -अम्बका an epithet of Pārvatī
    -अशीत a. eighty-third.
    -अशीतिः f. eighty-three.
    -अष्टन् a. twenty-four.
    -अश्र, -अस्र a. triangular. (
    -स्रम्) a triangle.
    -अहः 1 a period of three days.
    -2 a festival lasting three days.
    -आर्षेयाः deaf, dumb and blind persons.
    -आहिक a.
    1 performed or produced in three days.
    -2 recurring after the third day, tertian (as fever).
    -3 having provision for three days कुशूलकुम्भीधान्यो वा त्र्याहिको$श्वस्तनो$पि वा Y.1.128.
    -ऋचम् (
    तृचम् also) three Riks taken collectively; Ms.8.16.
    -ऐहिक a. having provision for three days.
    -ककुद् m.
    1 N. of the moun- tain Trikūṭa.
    -2 N. of Viṣnu or Kṛiṣṇa.
    -3 the highest, chief.
    -4 a sacrifice lasting for ten nights.
    -ककुभ् m. Ved.
    1 Indra.
    -2 Indra's thunderbolt.
    -कटु dry ginger, black pepper and long pepper taken together as a drug; शिरामोक्षं विधायास्य दद्यात् त्रिकटुकं गुडम् Śālihotra 62.
    -कण्टः, -कण्टकः a kind of fish.
    -करणी the side of a square 3 times as great as another.
    -कर्मन् n. the chief three duties of a Brāhmaṇa i. e. sacrifice, study of the Vedas, and making gifts or charity. (-m.) one who engages in these three duties (as a Brāhmaṇa).
    -काण्डम् N. of Amarsiṁha's dictionary.
    -कायः N. of Buddha.
    -कालम् 1 the three times; the past, the pre- sent, and the future; or morning, noon and evening.
    -2 the three tenses (the past, present, and future) of a verb. (
    -लम् ind. three times, thrice; ˚ज्ञ, ˚दर्शिन् a. omniscient (m.)
    1 a divine sage, seer.
    -2 a deity.
    -3 N. of Buddha. ˚विद् m.
    1 a Buddha.
    -2 an Arhat (with the Jainas).
    -कूटः N. of a mountain in Ceylon on the top of which was situated Laṅkā, the capital of Rāvaṇa.; Śi.2.5.
    -कूटम् sea-salt.
    कूर्चकम् a knife with three edges.
    -कोण a. triangular, forming a triangle.
    (-णः) 1 a triangle.
    -2 the vulva.
    -खम् 1 tin.
    -2 a cucumber.
    -खट्वम्, -खट्वी three bed- steads taken collectively.
    -क्षाराणि n. (pl.) salt-petre, natron and borax.
    -गणः an aggregate of the three objects of worldly existence; i. e. धर्म, अर्थ and काम; न बाधते$स्य त्रिगणः परस्परम् Ki.1.11; see त्रिवर्ग below.
    -गत a.
    1 tripled.
    -2 done in three days.
    -गर्ताः (pl.)
    1 N. of a country, also called जलन्धर, in the north- west of India.
    -2 the people or rulers of that country.
    -3 a particular mode of calculation.
    -गर्ता 1 a lascivious woman, wanton.
    -2 a woman in general.
    -3 a pearl.
    -4 a kind of cricket.
    -गुण a.
    1 consisting of three threads; व्रताय मौञ्जीं त्रिगुणां बभार याम् Ku.5.1.
    -2 three-times repeated, thrice, treble, threefold, triple; सप्त व्यतीयुस्त्रिगुणानि तस्य (दिनानि) R.2. 25.
    -3 containing the three Guṇas सत्त्व, रजस् and तमस्. (
    -णम्) the Pradhāna (in Sāṅ. phil.); (-ind.) three times; in three ways.
    -णाः m. (pl.) the three quali- ties or constituents of nature; त्रयीमयाय त्रिगुणात्मने नमः K.1.
    (-णा) 1 Māyā or illusion (in Vedānta phil.).
    -2 an epithet of Durgā.
    -गुणाकृतम् ploughed thrice.
    -चक्षुस् m. an epithet of Śiva.
    -चतुर a. (pl.) three or four; गत्वा जवात्त्रिचतुराणि पदानि सीता B.R.6.34.
    -चत्वा- रिंश a. forty-third.
    -चत्वारिंशत् f, forty-three.
    -जगत् n.
    -जगती the three worlds, (1) the heaven, the atmos- phere and the earth; or (2) the heaven, the earth, and the lower world; त्वत्कीर्तिः...... त्रिजगति विहरत्येवमुर्वीश गुर्वी Sūkti.5.59.
    -जटः an epithet of Śiva.
    -जटा N. of a female demon, one of the Rākṣasa attendants kept by Rāvaṇa to watch over Sītā, when she was retained as a captive in the Aśoka-vanikā. She acted very kindly towards Sītā and induced her companions to do the same; सीतां मायेति शंसन्ति त्रिजटा समजीवयत् R.12.74.
    -जातम्, जातकम् The three spices (mace, cardamoms, cinnamon).
    -जीवा, -ज्या the sine of three signs or 9˚, a radius.
    -णता a bow; कामुकानिव नालीकांस्त्रिणताः सहसामुचन् Śi.19.61.
    -णव, -णवन् a. (pl.) three times nine; i. e. 27.
    -णाकः the heaven; तावत्त्रिणाकं नहुषः शशास Bhāg.6.13.16.
    -णाचिकेतः 1 a part of the Adhvaryu-sacrifice or Yajur- veda, or one who performs a vow connected therewith (according to Kull. on Ms.3.185); Mb.13.9.26.
    -2 one who has thrice kindled the Nāchiketa fire or studied the Nāchiketa section of Kāṭhaka; त्रिणाचिकेत- स्त्रिभिरेत्य सन्धिम् Kaṭh.1.17.
    -णीता a wife ('thrice married'; it being supposed that a girl belongs to Soma, Gandharva and Agni before she obtains a human husband).
    -णेमि a. with three fellies; विचिन्वतो$भूत् सुमहांस्त्रिणेमिः Bhāg.3.8.2.
    -तक्षम्, तक्षी three carpen- ters taken collectively.
    -दण्डम् 1 the three staves of a Saṁnyāsin (who has resigned the world) tied togethar so as to form one.
    -2 the triple subjection of thought, word, and deed. (
    -ण्डः) the state of a religious ascetic; ज्ञानवैराग्यरहितस्त्रिदण्डमुपजीवति Bhāg.11.18.4.
    -दण्डिन् m.
    1 a religious mendicant or Saṁnyāsin who has renounced all worldly attachments, and who carries three long staves tied together so as to form one in his right hand; तल्लिप्सुः स यतिर्भूत्वा त्रिदण्डी द्वारका- मगात् Bhāg.1.86.3.
    -2 one who has obtained command over his mind, speech, and body (or thought, word, and deed); cf. वाग्दण्डो$थ मनोदण्डः कायदण्डस्तथैव च । यस्यैते निहिता बुद्धौ त्रिदण्डीति स उच्यते ॥ Ms.12.1.
    -दशाः (pl.)
    1 thirty.
    -2 the thirty-three gods:-- 12 Ādityas, 8 Vasus, 11 Rudras and 2 Aśvins. (
    -शः) a god, an immortal; तस्मिन्मघोनस्त्रिदशान्विहाय सहस्रमक्ष्णां युगपत्पपात Ku.3.1. ˚अङ्कुशः (-शम्) the heaven. ˚आयुधम् Indra's thunder- bolt; R.9.54. ˚आयुधम् rainbow; अथ नभस्य इव त्रिदशायुधम् R.9.54. ˚अधिपः, ˚ईश्वरः, ˚पतिः epithets of Indra. ˚अधिपतिः N. of Śiva. ˚अध्यक्षः, ˚अयनः an epithet of Viṣṇu. ˚अरिः a demon. ˚आचार्यः an epithet of Bṛihas- pati. ˚आधार Nectar. ˚आलयः, ˚आवासः
    1 heaven.
    -2 the mountain Meru.
    -3 a god. ˚आहारः 'the food of the gods', nectar. ˚इन्द्रः
    1 Indra.
    -2 Śiva.
    -3 Brahman. ˚गुरुः an epithet of Bṛihaspati, ˚गोपः a kind of insect; (cf. इन्द्रगोप) श्रद्दधे त्रिदशगोपमात्रके दाहशक्तिमिव कृष्णवर्त्मनि R.11.42. ˚दीर्घिका an epithet of the Ganges. ˚पतिः Indra; एषो$प्यैरावतस्थस्त्रिदशपतिः Ratn.4.11. ˚पुङ्गवः Viṣṇu; Rām.1. ˚मञ्जरी the holy basil. ˚वधू, ˚वनिता, an Apsaras or heavenly damsel; कैलासस्य त्रिदशवनितादर्पणस्यातिथिः स्याः Me.6. ˚वर्त्मन् the sky. ˚श्रेष्ठः
    1 Agni.
    -2 Brahman. ˚दशीभूत Become divine; त्रिदशीभूतपौराणां स्वर्गान्तरमकल्पयत् R.15.12.
    -दिनम् three days collectively. ˚स्पृश् m. concurrence of three lunations with one solar day.
    -दिवम् 1 the heaven; त्रिमार्गयेव त्रिदिवस्य मार्गः Ku.1.28; Ś.7.3.
    -2 sky, atmosphere.
    -3 paradise.
    -4 happi- ness. (
    -वा) cardamoms. ˚अधीशः, ˚ईशः
    1 an epithet of Indra.
    -2 a god. ˚आलयः the heaven; अश्वमेधजिताँल्लोका- नाप्नोति त्रिदिवालये Mb.13.141.53. ˚उद्भवा
    1 the Ganges.
    -2 small cardamoms. ˚ओकस् m. a god; वपुषि त्रिदिवौकसां परं सह पुष्पैरपतत्र्छिलीमुखाः Vikr.15.72. ˚गत dead; त्रिदिवगतः किमु वक्ष्यते पिता मे Vikr.6.62.
    -दृश् m. an epithet of Śiva.
    -दोषम् vitiation or derangement of the three humours of the body, i. e. वात, पित्त and कफ.
    -धा ind. in 3 parts, ways or places; triply, ˚त्वम् tripartition; Ch. Up.
    -धातुः an epithet of Gaṇeśa;
    -तुम् 1 the triple world.
    -2 the aggregate of the 3 minerals or humours.
    -धामन् m.
    1 N. of Viṣṇu.
    -2 of Vyāsa;
    -3 of Śiva.
    -4 of Agni.
    -5 death. -n. the heaven; हंसो हंसेन यानेन त्रिधाम परमं ययौ Bhāg.3.24.2.
    -धारा the Ganges.
    -नयन, -नेत्रः, -लोचनः epithets of Śiva; R.3. 66; Ku.3.66;5.72.
    - नवत a. ninety-third.
    -नवतिः f. ninety three.
    -नयना Pārvat&imacr.
    -नाभः Viṣṇu; Bhāg.8. 17.26.
    -नेत्रचूडामणिः the moon.
    -नेत्रफलः the cocoa-nut tree.
    -पञ्च a. three-fold five, i. e. fifteen.
    -पञ्चाश a. fiftythird.
    -पञ्चाशत् f. fifty-three.
    -पुटः glass (काच).
    -पताकः 1 the hand with three fingers stretched out or erect.
    -2 the forehead marked naturally with three horizontal lines.
    -पत्रकः the Palāśa tree.
    -पथम् 1 the three paths taken collectively, i. e. the sky, atmosphere, and the earth, or the sky, earth and the lower world.
    -2 a place where three roads meet. (
    -था) an epithet of Mathura. ˚गा, ˚गामिनी an epithet of the Ganges; गङ्गा त्रिपथगामिनी; धृतसत्पथस्त्रिपथगामभितः स तमारुरोह पुरुहूतसुतः Ki.6.1; Amaru.99.
    -पद्, -पाद्, -पात् m. Ved.
    1 Viṣṇu.
    -2 fever (personified).
    -पद a. three-footed. (
    -दम्) a tripod; त्रिपदैः करकैः स्थालैः...... Śiva. B.22. 62.
    -पदिका 1 a tripod.
    -2 a stand with three feet.
    -पदी 1 the girth of an elephant; नास्रसत्करिणां ग्रैवं त्रिपदी- च्छेदिनामपि R.4.48.
    -2 the Gāyatrī metre.
    -3 a tripod.
    -4 the plant गोधापदी.
    -परिक्रान्त a. one who walks thrice round a sacred fire.
    -पर्णः Kiṁśuka tree.
    -पाटः 1 intersection of a prolonged side and perpendicular (in a quadrangular figure).
    -2 the figure formed by such intersection.
    -पाटिका a beak.
    पाठिन् a.
    1 familiar with Saṁhitā, Pada, and Krama.
    -2 one who learns a thing after three repetitions.
    -पादः 1 the Supreme Being.
    -2 fever.
    -पाद् a.
    1 having three feet.
    -2 con- sisting of three parts, having three fourths; राघवः शिथिलं तस्थौ भुवि धर्मस्त्रिपादिव R.15.96.
    -3 trinomial. (-m.)
    1 an epithet of Viṣṇu in his dwarf incarnation.
    -2 the Supreme Being.
    -पिटकम् the 3 collections of Buddhistic sacred writings (सुत्त, विनय and अभिधम्म).
    -पुट a. triangular.
    (-टः) 1 an arrow.
    -2 the palm of the hand.
    -3 a cubit.
    -4 a bank or shore.
    -पुटकः a triangle.
    -पुटा an epithet of Durgā.
    -पुटिन् m. the castor-oil plant.
    -पुण्ड्रम्, -पुण्ड्रक a mark on the forehead consisting of three lines made with cowdung ashes.
    -पुरम् 1 a collection of three cities.
    -2 the three cities of gold, silver, and iron in the sky, air and earth built for demons by Maya; (these cities were burnt down, along the demons inhabiting them, by Śiva at the request of the gods); Ku.7.48; Amaru.2; संरक्ताभिस्त्रिपुरविजयो गीयते किन्नरीभिः Me.56; Bh.3.123; (
    -रः) N. of a demon or demons presiding over these cities. ˚अधिपतिः N. of Maya, ˚अन्तकः, ˚अरिः, ˚घ्नः, ˚दहनः, ˚द्विष् m., हरः &c. epithets of Śiva; अये गौरीनाथ त्रिपुरहर शम्भो त्रिनयन Bh.3.123; R.17.14. ˚दाहः burning of the three cities; मुहुरनुस्मरयन्तमनुक्षपं त्रिपुरदाहमुमापतिसेविनः Ki.5.14. ˚सुन्दरी Durgā.
    (-री) 1 N. of a place near Jabalpura, formerly capital of the kings of Chedi.
    -2 N. of a country.
    -पुरुष a
    1 having the length of three men.
    -2 having three assistants. (
    -षम्) the three ancestors- father, grand-father and great-grand-father.
    -पृष्ठम् the highest heaven; Bhāg.1.19.23. (
    ष्ठः) Viṣṇu.
    -पौरुष a.
    1 belonging to, or extending over, three generations of men.
    2 offered to three (as oblations).
    -3 inherited from three (as an estate).
    -प्रस्रुतः an elephant in rut.
    -फला (1) the three myrobalans taken collectively, namely, Terminalia Chebula, T. Bellerica, and Phyllanthus (Mar. हिरडा, बेहडा and आंवळकाठी). Also (2) the three sweet fruits (grape, pomegranate, and date); (3) the three fragrant fruits (nutmeg, areca- nut, and cloves).
    -बन्धनः the individual soul.
    -बलिः, बली, -वलिः, -वली f.
    1 the three folds or wrinkles of skin above the navel of a woman (regarded as a mark of beauty); क्षामोदरोपरिलसत्त्रिवलीलतानाम् Bh.1.93,81; cf. Ku.1.39.
    -2 the anus.
    -बलीकम् the anus.
    -बाहुः a kind of fighting with swords.
    -ब्रह्मन् a. with ब्रह्मा, विष्णु and महेश.
    -भम् three signs of the zodiac, or ninety degrees.
    -भङ्गम् a pose in which the image is bent at three parts of the body.
    -भद्रम् copulation, sexual union, cohabitation.
    -भागः 1 the third part; त्रिभागं ब्रह्महत्यायाः कन्या प्राप्नोति दुष्यती Mb.12.165.42.
    -2 the third part of a sign of the zodiac.
    -भुक्ल a. one possessed of learning, good conduct and good family-descent (Dānasāgara, Bibliotheca Indica,274, Fasc.1, p.29).
    -भुजम् a triangle.
    -भुवनम् the three worlds; पुण्यं यायास्त्रिभुवन- गुरोर्धाम चण्डीश्वरस्य Me.35; Bh.1.99. ˚गुरु Śiva. ˚कीर्तिरसः a patent medicine in Āyurveda. ˚पतिः Viṣṇu.
    -भूमः a palace with three floors.
    -मद the three narcotic plants; the three-fold haughtiness; Bhāg.3.1.43.
    -मधु n.
    -मधुरम् 1 sugar, honey, and ghee.
    -2 three verses of the Ṛigveda (1.9.6-8; मधु वाता ऋतायते˚).
    -3 a ceremony based on the same; L. D. B.
    -4 threefold utterance of a vedic stanza ˚मधु वाता -m. a reciter and performer of the above ceremony; L. D. B.
    -मार्गा the Ganges; त्रिमार्गयेव त्रिदिवस्य मार्गः Ku.1.28.
    -मुकुटः the Trikūṭa mountain.
    -मुखः an epithet of Buddha.
    -मुनि ind. having the three sages पाणिनि, कात्यायन and पतञ्जलि; त्रिमुनि व्याकरणम्.
    -मूर्तिः 1 the united form of Brahmā, Viṣṇu, and Maheśa, the Hindu triad; नमस्त्रिमूर्तये तुभ्यं प्रांक्सृष्टेः केवलात्मने । गुणत्रयविभायाय पश्चाद्भेदमुपेयुषे ॥ Ku.2.4.
    -2 Buddha, or Jina.
    -मूर्धन् m.
    1 a demon; त्रयश्च दूषण- खरस्त्रिमूर्धानो रणे हताः U.2.15.
    -2 a world called महर्लोक; G&imac;rvāṇa; cf. अमृतं क्षेममभयं त्रिमूर्ध्नो$धायि मूर्धसु Bhāg.2.6.19.
    -यव a. weighing 3 barley corns; Ms.8.134.
    -यष्टिः a necklace of three strings.
    -यामकम् sin.
    -यामा 1 night (consisting of 3 watches of praharas, the first and last half prahara being excluded); संक्षिप्येत क्षण इव कथं दीर्घयामा त्रियामा Me.11, Ku.7.21,26; R.9.7; V.3. 22.
    -2 turmeric.
    -3 the Indigo plant.
    -4 the river Yamuṇā.
    -युगः an epithet of Viṣṇu; धर्मं महापुरुष पासि युगानुवृत्तं छन्नः कलौ यदभवस्त्रियुगो$थ सत्त्वम् Bhāg.7.9.38; the god in the form of यज्ञपुरुष; Bhāg.5.18.35.
    -योनिः a law-suit (in which a person engages from anger, cove- tousness, or infatuation).
    -रसकम् spirituous liquor; see त्रिसरकम्.
    -रात्र a. lasting for three nights. (
    -त्रः) a festival lasting for three nights. (
    -त्रम्) a period of three nights.
    -रेखः a conch-shell.
    -लिङ्ग a. having three genders, i. e. an adjective.
    -2 possessing the three Guṇas. (
    -गाः) the country called Telaṅga. (
    -गी) the three genders taken collectively.
    -लोकम् the three worlds. (
    -कः) an inhabitant of the three worlds; यद्धर्मसूनोर्बत राजसूये निरीक्ष्य दृक्स्वस्त्ययनं त्रिलोकः Bhāg.3. 2.13. ˚आत्मन् m. the Supreme Being. ˚ईशः the sun. ˚नाथः 'lord of the three worlds', an epithet of
    1 Indra; त्रिलोकनाथेन सदा मखद्विषस्त्वया नियम्या ननु दिव्यचक्षुषा R.3.45.
    -2 of Śiva; Ku.5.77. ˚रक्षिन् a. protecting the 3 worlds; त्रिलोकरक्षी महिमा हि वज्रिणः V.1.6.
    -लोकी the three worlds taken collectively, the universe; सत्यामेव त्रिलोकीसरिति हरशिरश्चुम्बिनीविच्छटायाम् Bh.3.95; Śānti.4.22.
    -लोचनः Śiva.
    (-ना) 1 an unchaste woman.
    -2 an epithet of Durgā.
    -लोहकम् the three metals:-- gold, silver, and copper.
    -वर्गः 1 the three objects of wordly existence, i. e. धर्म, अर्थ, and काम; अनेन धर्मः सविशेषमद्य मे त्रिवर्गसारः प्रतिभाति भाविनि Ku.5.38; अन्योन्यानुबन्धम् (त्रिवर्गम्) Kau. A.1.7; प्राप त्रिवर्गं बुबुधे$त्रिवर्गम् (मोक्षम्) Bu. Ch.2.41.
    -2 the three states of loss, stability, and increase; क्षयः स्थानं च वृद्धिश्च त्रिवर्गो नीतिवेदिनाम् Ak.
    -3 the three qualities of nature, i. e. सत्त्व, रजस्, and तमस्.
    -4 the three higher castes.
    -5 the three myrobalans.
    -6 propriety, decorum.
    -वर्णकम् the first three of the four castes of Hindus taken collectively.
    -वर्ष a. three years old; Ms.5.7.
    -वलिः, -ली f. (in comp.) three folds over a woman's navel (regarded as a mark of beauty)
    -वली the anus.
    -वारम् ind. three times, thrice.
    -विक्रमः Viṣṇu in his fifth or dwarf incarnation. ˚रसः a patent medicine in Āyurveda.
    -विद्यः a Brāhmaṇa versed in the three Vedas.
    -विध a. of three kinds, three-fold.
    -विष्टपम्, -पिष्टपम् 1 the world of Indra, heaven; त्रिविष्टपस्येव पतिं जयन्तः R.6.78.
    -2 the three worlds. ˚सद् m. a god.
    -वृत् a.
    1 threefold; मौञ्जी त्रिवृत्समा श्लक्ष्णा कार्या विप्रस्य मेखला Ms.2.42.
    -2 consisting of three parts (as three गुणs, विद्याs); Bhāg.3.24.33;1.23.39; (consisting of three letters- ओङ्कार); हिरण्यगर्भो वेदानां मन्त्राणां प्रणवस्त्रिवृत् Bhāg.11.16.12. (-m.)
    1 a sacrifice.
    -2 a girdle of three strings; Mb.12.47.44.
    -3 an amulet of three strings. (-f.) a plant possessing valuable purgative properties. ˚करण combining three things, i. e. earth, water, and fire.
    -वृत्तिः livelihood through 3 things (sacrifice, study and alms).
    -वेणिः, -णी f. the place near Prayāga where the Ganges joins the Yamunā and receives under ground the Sarasvatī; the place called दक्षिणप्रयाग where the three sacred rivers separate.
    -वेणुः 1 The staff (त्रिदण्ड) of a Saṁnyāsin; केचित् त्रिवेणुं जगृहुरेके पात्रं कमण्डलुम् Bhāg.11.23.34.
    -2 The pole of a chariot; अथ त्रिवेणुसंपन्नं...... बभञ्ज च महारथम् Rām.3. 51.16; Mb.7.156.83; a three bannered (chariot); Bhāg.4.26.1.
    -वेदः a Brāhmaṇa versed in the three Vedas.
    -शक्तिः a deity (त्रिकला), Māyā; Bhāg.2.6.31.
    -शङ्कुः 1 N. of a celebrated king of the Solar race, king of Ayodhyā and father of Hariśchandra. [He was a wise, pious, and just king, but his chief fault was that he loved his person to an inordinate degree. Desiring to celebrate a sacrifice by virtue of which he could go up to heaven in his mortal body, he requested his family-priest Vasiṣṭha to officiate for him; but being refused he next requested his hundred sons who also rejected his absurd proposal. He, therefore, called them cowardly and impotent, and was, in return for these insults, cursed and degraded by them to be a Chāṇḍāla. While he was in this wretched condition, Viśvāmitra, whose family Triśaṅku had in times of famine laid under deep obligations, undertook to celebrate the sacrifice, and invited all the gods to be present. They, however, declined; whereupon the enraged Viśvāmitra. by his own power lifted up Triśaṅku to the skies with his cherished mortal body. He began to soar higher and higher till his head struck against the vault of the heaven, when he was hurled down head-foremost by Indra and the other gods. The mighty Viśvāmitra, however, arrested him in his downward course, saying 'Stay Triśaṅku', and the unfortunate monarch remained suspended with his head towards the earth as a constellation in the southern hemisphere. Hence the wellknown proverb:-- त्रिशङ्कुरिवान्तरा तिष्ठ Ś.2.]
    -2 the Chātaka bird.
    -3 a cat.
    -4 a grass-hopper.
    -5 a fire- fly. ˚जः an epithet of Hariśchandra. ˚याजिन् m. an epithet of Viśvāmitra.
    -शत a. three hundred.
    (-तम्) 1 one hundred and three.
    -2 three hundred.
    -शरणः a Buddha.
    -शर्करा three kinds of sugar (गुडोत्पन्ना, हिमोत्था, and मधुरा).
    -शाख a. three-wrinkled; भ्रुकुट्या भीषणमुखः प्रकृत्यैव त्रिशाखया Ks.12.72.
    -शालम् a house with three halls or chambers.
    -शिखम् 1 a trident; तदापतद्वै त्रिशिखं गरुत्मते Bhāg.1.59.9.
    -2 a crown or crest (with three points).
    -शिरस् m.
    1 N. of a demon killed by Rāma.
    -2 an epithet of Kubera.
    -3 fever. त्रिशिरस्ते प्रसन्नो$स्मि व्येतु ते मज्ज्वराद्भयम् Bhāg.1.63.29.
    -शीर्षः Śiva.
    -शीर्षकम्, -शूलम् a trident. ˚अङ्कः, ˚धारिन् m. an epithet of Śiva.
    -शुक्लम् the holy combination of 'three days' viz. Uttarāyaṇa (day of the gods), the bright half of the moon (day of the manes) and day- time; त्रिशुक्ले मरणं यस्य, L. D. B.
    -शूलिन् m. an epithet of Śiva.
    -शृङ्गः 1 the Trikūṭa mountain.
    -2 a triangle.
    -शोकः the soul.
    -षष्टिः f. sixty-three.
    -ष्टुभ् f. a metre of 4 x 11 syllables.
    -संध्यम्, -संध्यी the three periods of the day, i. e. dawn, noon, and sunset; also
    -त्रिसवनम् (
    -षवणम्); Ms.11.216.
    -संध्यम् ind. at the time of the three Sandhyas; सान्निध्यं पुष्करे येषां त्रिसन्ध्यं कुरुनन्दन Mb.
    -सप्तत a. seventy-third.
    -सप्ततिः f. seventy-three.
    -सप्तन्, -सप्त a. (pl.) three times 7, i. e. 21.
    -सम a. (in geom.) having three equal sides, equilateral.
    -सरः milk, sesamum and rice boiled together.
    -सरकम् drinking wine thrice ('सरकं शीधुपात्रे स्यात् शीधुपाने च शीधुनि' इति विश्वः); प्रातिभं त्रिसरकेण गतानाम् Śi.1.12.
    -सर्गः the creation of the 3 Guṇas; Bhāg.1.1.1.
    -साधन a. having a threefold causality; R.3.13.
    -सामन् a. singing 3 Sāmans (an उद्गातृ); उद्गाता तत्र संग्रामे त्रिसामा दुन्दुभिर्नृप Mb.12.98.27.
    -साम्यम् an equilibrium of the three (qualities); Bhāg.2.7.4.
    -सुपर्णः, -र्णम् 1 N. of the three Ṛigvedic verses (Rv.1.114.3-5).
    -2 N. of T. Ār.1.48-5; -a. familiar with or reciting these verses; Ms.3.185.
    -स्थली the three sacred places: काशी, प्रयाग, and गया.
    -स्थानम् the head, neck and chest to- gether; तन्त्रीलयसमायुक्तं त्रिस्थानकरणान्वितम् Rām.7.71.15. -a.
    1 having 3 dwelling places.
    -2 extending through the 3 worlds.
    -स्रोतस् f. an epithet of the Ganges; त्रिस्रोतसं वहति यो गगनप्रतिष्ठाम् Ś.7.6; R.1.63; Ku.7.15.
    -सीत्य, -हल्य a. ploughed thrice (as a field).
    -हायण a. three years old.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > त्रि _tri

  • 16 spirit

    1. n душа; дух

    in spirit — мысленно, в душе

    the world of spirit — духовный мир, духовная жизнь

    spirit of competition — дух конкуренции; дух соперничества

    2. n натура, личность, индивидуальность; ум
    3. n человек, индивидуум
    4. n моральная сила, энергия, решительность
    5. n живость, горячность, задор
    6. n часто настроение, душевное состояние

    animal spirits — жизнерадостность, бодрость

    7. n дух, сущность, истинный смысл
    8. n тенденция, общее направление, общий характер
    9. n приверженность
    10. n умысел, цель; задняя мысль
    11. n восприятие; понимание

    I trust you will understand the above in the spirit in which it was written — надеюсь, что вы поймёте сказанное в том же духе, в каком оно было написано

    12. n рел. бог
    13. n рел. дух святой
    14. n рел. ангел
    15. n рел. бес
    16. n рел. дух, призрак, привидение
    17. n рел. фея; эльф

    water spirit — водяной; русалка

    18. v разг. тайно унести, увести, похитить

    he was spirited off by a policeman before we had a chance to speak to him — его забрал полицейский прежде, чем нам удалось поговорить с ним

    19. v разг. оживлять; подбадривать, придавать смелости, решительности; воодушевлять, вдохновлять
    20. n обыкн. спирт

    methylated spirit — денатурированный спирт, денатурат

    21. n обыкн. спиртной напиток, алкоголь

    he drinks beer but no spirits — он пьёт пиво, но не употребляет крепких напитков

    22. n разг. автомобильный бензин

    motor spirit — автомобильный бензин; жидкое топливо

    23. n текст. красильно-отделочный раствор
    Синонимический ряд:
    1. allegiance (noun) allegiance; devotion; loyalty
    2. animation (noun) animation; bounce; brio; consciousness; dash; elan; esprit; gimp; life; mind; oomph; verve; vigor; vim; zest; zing; йlan
    3. apparition (noun) apparition; bogey; bogy; demon; eidolon; ghost; goblin; hobgoblin; phantasm; phantom; revenant; shade; shadow; specter; spectre; spectrum; spook; umbra; visitant; wraith
    4. core (noun) character; complexion; core; drift; gist; kernel; marrow; meat; nature; nub; pith; quintessence; root; stuff; substance
    5. heart (noun) bravery; courage; dauntlessness; fearlessness; fortitude; gallantry; guts; heart; intrepidity; mettle; nerve; pluck; resolution; spunk; valour
    6. intent (noun) essence; intent; intention; meaning; purport; sense; significance
    7. mood (noun) attitude; climate; disposition; feeling; frame of mind; humor; humour; mood; sorts; temper; tenor; timbre; tone
    8. soul (noun) anima; animus; elan vital; pneuma; psyche; soul; vital force; vitality
    9. vivacity (noun) ardor; ardour; energy; enterprise; enthusiasm; liveliness; vigour; vivacity; zeal; zealousness
    10. sneak (verb) smuggle; sneak
    11. vitalise (verb) animate; encourage; excite; inspirit; instil; instill; vitalise; vitalize
    Антонимический ряд:
    body; disloyalty; lethargy; letter; materiality; organisation; organization; sluggishness; substance; timidity

    English-Russian base dictionary > spirit

  • 17 Person

    f; -, -en
    1. person; einzelne auch: individual; Personen people; 10 Euro pro Person 10 euros each ( oder a head); wir sind vier Personen there are four of us; eine aus zehn Personen bestehende Gruppe a group of ten; für vier Personen Kochrezept: serves four, makes four servings; keine einzige Person not one person, not a single person; ich für meine Person I for my part; as for me, I...; in ( eigener) Person in person, himself ( weiblich: herself); Angaben zur Person personal data; jemanden zur Person vernehmen question s.o. concerning his ( oder her) identity and particulars; sich in der Person irren mistake s.o. for s.o. else; man muss die Person von der Sache trennen you’ve got to keep personal factors out of it; so eine freche Person! umg. cheeky so-and-so; er ist die Geduld in Person he’s the epitome of patience
    2. THEAT. character, person; die Personen und ihre Darsteller the characters and performers, the cast Sg.; die Personen des Stücks fachspr. dramatis personae
    3. GRAM.: erste Person first person
    4. JUR.: natürliche Person natural person; juristische Person juristic person, corporation, body corporate
    * * *
    die Person
    person; character
    * * *
    Per|son [pɛr'zoːn]
    f -, -en
    1) (= Einzelperson) person, individual; (= Charakter) character

    Persónen — people, persons (form)

    jede Persón bezahlt... — each person or everybody pays...

    eine aus 6 Persónen bestehende Familie — a family of 6

    ein Vier-Persónen-Haushalt — a four-person household

    pro Persón — per person

    die eigene Persón — oneself

    was seine (eigene) Persón betrifft — as for himself

    ich für meine Persón... — I myself..., as for myself I..., I for my part...

    in (eigener) Persón erscheinen — to appear in person or personally

    er ist Vorsitzender und Schatzmeister in einer Persón — he's the chairman and treasurer rolled into one

    jdn zur Persón vernehmen (Jur) — to question sb concerning his identity

    Angaben zur Persón machen — to give one's personal details

    von Persón bekannt (Jur) — of known identity

    natürliche/juristische Persón (Jur) — natural/juristic or artificial person

    die drei göttlichen Persónen — the Holy Trinity, God in three persons

    eine hochgestellte Persón — a high-ranking personage or person

    2) (= Mensch) person; (pej = Frau) female

    sie ist die Geduld in Persón — she's patience personified

    Tiere treten in Fabeln als Persónen auf — animals figure in fables as human beings or as people

    die Persón des Königs ist unantastbar — (the person of) the king is inviolable

    es geht um die Persón des Kanzlers, nicht um das Amt — it concerns the chancellor as a person, not the office

    lassen wir seine Persón aus dem Spiel — let's leave personalities out of it

    wir müssen die Persón von der Sache trennen — we must keep the personal and the factual aspects separate

    3) (LITER, THEAT) character

    die Persónen der Handlung — the characters (in the action); (Theat auch) the dramatis personae

    eine stumme Persón — a nonspeaking part

    4) (GRAM) person

    das Verb steht in der ersten Persón Plural — the verb is in the first person plural

    * * *
    die
    1) (a person: He's an untidy individual.) individual
    2) (a human being: There's a person outside who wants to speak to you.) person
    * * *
    Per·son
    <-, -en>
    [pɛrˈzo:n]
    f
    1. (einzelner Mensch) person, individual
    eine hoch gestellte \Person a high-ranking person [or form personage]
    eine männliche/weibliche \Person a male/female
    eine öffentliche/politische \Person a public/political figure
    eine seltsam aussehende \Person an odd-looking individual
    eine mir unbekannte \Person an person unknown to me
    er ist eine führende \Person in der Musikbranche he's a leading figure in the music industry
    sie ist genau die \Person, die wir für die Stelle brauchen she's just the person we need for the job
    wir müssen die \Person von der Sache trennen we must keep the personal and the factual aspects apart
    es geht um die \Person des Präsidenten, nicht um das Amt it concerns the President as a person, not the office
    die \Person des Königs ist unantastbar [the person of] the king is inviolable
    du nimmst deine eigene \Person zu wichtig you take yourself too seriously
    deine \Person soll in dem Bericht nicht erwähnt werden you shall not be mentioned in the report
    sie ist unschuldig, sie haben sich in der \Person geirrt she is innocent, it was a case of mistaken identity
    ich/du etc. für meine/deine etc. \Person I/you [or as for] myself/yourself
    ich für meine \Person stimme zu for my part [or as for myself] I agree
    pro \Person per person
    der Eintritt kostet 3 Euro pro \Person the entrance fee is 3 euros per person
    2. (Leute)
    ▪ \Personen pl people pl, persons pl form
    es waren ungefähr zehn \Personen da there were about ten people
    Paella kostet 30 Euro für zwei \Personen paella costs 30 euros for two people
    \Personen sind bei dem Brand nicht umgekommen there was no loss of life in the fire
    die Familie besteht aus vier \Personen it is a family of four
    das Fahrzeug ist für 4 \Personen zugelassen the vehicle is licensed to carry 4 persons
    3. (Frau) person, female
    sie ist eine faszinierende/ausgesprochen nette \Person she's a fascinating/an extremely kind person
    sie mag eine nette \Person sein, aber sie ist nicht die Richtige für diese Arbeit she's nice enough as a person, but he's not the right woman for this job
    eine gewisse \Person hat mir das gesagt a certain person told me about it
    4. JUR (Rechtsperson) person, [contract] party
    in eigener \Person (ohne Anwalt) in person
    beschränkt geschäftsfähige \Person person of restricted capacity to contract
    juristische \Person legal entity, juristic person; (Körperschaft) corporate body
    natürliche \Person natural person
    von \Person bekannt of known identity
    zur \Person concerning a person's identity
    Angaben zur \Person machen to give one's personal details
    jdn zur \Person befragen to question sb concerning his identity
    Fragen zur \Person questions to sb on his/her identity
    5. LIT, THEAT (Handelnde) character
    die \Personen der Handlung the characters [in the action], the dramatis personae
    lustige \Person (veraltet) [stock] comic figure
    eine stumme \Person a non-speaking part
    6. kein pl LING (grammatische Form) person
    der Roman ist in der ersten \Person geschrieben the novel is written in the first person
    das Verb steht in der 3. \Person Singular the verb is in the third person singular
    7. REL
    die drei göttlichen \Personen the Holy Trinity, God in three persons
    8. (selten: Persönlichkeit)
    lassen wir ihre \Person aus dem Spiel let's leave personalities out of it
    9.
    ▶ ... in \Person personified
    er ist die Geduld/Güte in \Person he's patience/kindness personified
    ▶ in [eigener] \Person personally
    in [eigener] \Person erscheinen to appear personally [or in person]
    der Kanzler in eigener \Person the chancellor in person
    ▶ in einer \Person rolled into one
    er ist Politiker und Schauspieler in einer \Person he's a politician and an actor rolled into one
    * * *
    die; Person, Personen

    eine männliche/weibliche Person — a male/female

    Personen — (als Gruppe) people

    ich für meine Person... — I for my part...

    der Minister in [eigener] Person — the minister in person

    sie ist die Güte/Geduld in Person — she is kindness/patience personified or itself

    2) (in der Dichtung, im Film) character
    3) (emotional): (Frau) female (derog./joc.)
    4) o. Pl. (Sprachw.) person
    * * *
    Person f; -, -en
    1. person; einzelne auch: individual;
    Personen people;
    10 Euro pro Person 10 euros each ( oder a head);
    wir sind vier Personen there are four of us;
    für vier Personen Kochrezept: serves four, makes four servings;
    keine einzige Person not one person, not a single person;
    ich für meine Person I for my part; as for me, I …;
    in (eigener) Person in person, himself ( weiblich: herself);
    Angaben zur Person personal data;
    jemanden zur Person vernehmen question sb concerning his ( oder her) identity and particulars;
    sich in der Person irren mistake sb for sb else;
    man muss die Person von der Sache trennen you’ve got to keep personal factors out of it;
    so eine freche Person! umg cheeky so-and-so;
    er ist die Geduld in Person he’s the epitome of patience
    2. THEAT character, person;
    die Personen und ihre Darsteller the characters and performers, the cast sg;
    die Personen des Stücks fachspr dramatis personae
    3. GRAM:
    erste Person first person
    4. JUR:
    natürliche Person natural person;
    juristische Person juristic person, corporation, body corporate
    * * *
    die; Person, Personen

    eine männliche/weibliche Person — a male/female

    ich für meine Person... — I for my part...

    der Minister in [eigener] Person — the minister in person

    sie ist die Güte/Geduld in Person — she is kindness/patience personified or itself

    2) (in der Dichtung, im Film) character
    3) (emotional): (Frau) female (derog./joc.)
    4) o. Pl. (Sprachw.) person
    * * *
    -en (Theater) f.
    character n. -en f.
    character n.
    person n.
    (§ pl.: people)

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Person

  • 18 גב

    גַּבm. (b. h.; גבב) convex, arched, whence 1) the exterior or upper part of a thing, a) body, esp. back (of an animals body, usu. אָחוֹר). Gen. R. s. 8, beg. he split the double-faced body (v. פרצוף) ועשאו גַּבַּיִים ג׳ לכאןוכ׳ and gave it two backs, one back on this side גַּב יָד, גַּב רֶגֶל a swelling on the hand, on the foot. Ab. Zar.28a; Sabb.109a.b) eye-brow (b. h.), the elevation around genitals Nidd.52b א׳ בגַבָּהּ one hair on the lower surrounding of her genitals, opp. בכריסה, v. כֶּרֶס; B. Bath.56b; Snh.30b; B. Kam.70b, (Rashi: on her finger joints).c) (also גַּבָּה) גַּבַּת הַזָּקֵן, pl. גַּבּוֹת, chin. Nidd.23b; Y. ib. III, 50c bot. גומות הזקן (dimples).d) a low fence. Tosef.B. Mets. XI, 22 (ed. Zuck. גַּג).Du. גַּבַּיִים, גַּבַּיִין. Kel. XXV, 5 outsides of vessels (usu. אֲחֹורַיִים). Gen. R. s. 8, v. supra.Pl. גַּבִּים, גַּבִּין, גַּבּוֹת. Bekh.VII, 2 שני ג׳וכ׳ double back and double spine (explain. גִּבֵּן, Lev. 21:20); Nidd.24a sq.; Ḥull.60b.Nidd.23b ג׳ הזקן, v. supra.עַל גַּב, עַל גַּבֵּי (abbr. ע״ג) on, upon, by the side of (cmp. עַל in b. h.). Ḥull.3a, a. fr. עומד על גַּבָּיו standing by him, superintending. Nidd.66a על גב הנהר by the river-side; Makhsh. I, 4 (v. גֵּיף). Succ.IV, 4 על גב איצטבא (Talm. ed. 42b גבי), v. אִיסְטְבָא.Trnsf. on the basis, on the principle. אף על גב, v. אַף I.Y. Ḥag.II, 78b bot. חולין שנעשו על גב הקדש (usu. על טהרת הקדש) laymans food prepared on the principles of sacred food (as though it were sacred food). Bets.II, 3 (17b); Tosef. ib. II, 7 מטבילין מגב לגב you may (on a Holy Day) immerse vessels for the purpose of changing their use (literally: from principle to principle, from one על גב to another); expl. ibid. רצה לעשות גיתוע״ג בדו ובדוע״ג עיסתו הרי זהוכ׳ if one desires to work his wine press on the basis of his olive press, i. e. with vessels originally immersed for the use of the olive press, or his olive press on the basis of his dough, i. e. with vessels originally immersed to be used for kneading, he may immerse his vessels on the same day; Bets.19a ע״ג בדו ובדוע״ג גיתו עושה … Ms. M. a. Ar. (ed. incorr. כדו) if one wishes to change, he might have done so (even without another immersion and, therefore, may re-immerse his vessels on the Holy Day because he does not thereby create a new status).Cmp. אַגַּב.Tosef.Sabb.XII (XIII), 1; Y. ib. XIII, 14a top ע״ג הגסוכ׳ around, or adding to the border of a web ; Bab. ib. 105a על הגס. Hor.III, 3 אין על גַּבָּיו אלאוכ׳ none over him save the Lord his God.בְּגַב in the back, behind. Y.Keth.XII, 35b top דברים בגב (Bab. 111a בגו) there is something behind, i. e. there is a reason for it.Cmp. כַּף.

    Jewish literature > גב

  • 19 גַּב

    גַּבm. (b. h.; גבב) convex, arched, whence 1) the exterior or upper part of a thing, a) body, esp. back (of an animals body, usu. אָחוֹר). Gen. R. s. 8, beg. he split the double-faced body (v. פרצוף) ועשאו גַּבַּיִים ג׳ לכאןוכ׳ and gave it two backs, one back on this side גַּב יָד, גַּב רֶגֶל a swelling on the hand, on the foot. Ab. Zar.28a; Sabb.109a.b) eye-brow (b. h.), the elevation around genitals Nidd.52b א׳ בגַבָּהּ one hair on the lower surrounding of her genitals, opp. בכריסה, v. כֶּרֶס; B. Bath.56b; Snh.30b; B. Kam.70b, (Rashi: on her finger joints).c) (also גַּבָּה) גַּבַּת הַזָּקֵן, pl. גַּבּוֹת, chin. Nidd.23b; Y. ib. III, 50c bot. גומות הזקן (dimples).d) a low fence. Tosef.B. Mets. XI, 22 (ed. Zuck. גַּג).Du. גַּבַּיִים, גַּבַּיִין. Kel. XXV, 5 outsides of vessels (usu. אֲחֹורַיִים). Gen. R. s. 8, v. supra.Pl. גַּבִּים, גַּבִּין, גַּבּוֹת. Bekh.VII, 2 שני ג׳וכ׳ double back and double spine (explain. גִּבֵּן, Lev. 21:20); Nidd.24a sq.; Ḥull.60b.Nidd.23b ג׳ הזקן, v. supra.עַל גַּב, עַל גַּבֵּי (abbr. ע״ג) on, upon, by the side of (cmp. עַל in b. h.). Ḥull.3a, a. fr. עומד על גַּבָּיו standing by him, superintending. Nidd.66a על גב הנהר by the river-side; Makhsh. I, 4 (v. גֵּיף). Succ.IV, 4 על גב איצטבא (Talm. ed. 42b גבי), v. אִיסְטְבָא.Trnsf. on the basis, on the principle. אף על גב, v. אַף I.Y. Ḥag.II, 78b bot. חולין שנעשו על גב הקדש (usu. על טהרת הקדש) laymans food prepared on the principles of sacred food (as though it were sacred food). Bets.II, 3 (17b); Tosef. ib. II, 7 מטבילין מגב לגב you may (on a Holy Day) immerse vessels for the purpose of changing their use (literally: from principle to principle, from one על גב to another); expl. ibid. רצה לעשות גיתוע״ג בדו ובדוע״ג עיסתו הרי זהוכ׳ if one desires to work his wine press on the basis of his olive press, i. e. with vessels originally immersed for the use of the olive press, or his olive press on the basis of his dough, i. e. with vessels originally immersed to be used for kneading, he may immerse his vessels on the same day; Bets.19a ע״ג בדו ובדוע״ג גיתו עושה … Ms. M. a. Ar. (ed. incorr. כדו) if one wishes to change, he might have done so (even without another immersion and, therefore, may re-immerse his vessels on the Holy Day because he does not thereby create a new status).Cmp. אַגַּב.Tosef.Sabb.XII (XIII), 1; Y. ib. XIII, 14a top ע״ג הגסוכ׳ around, or adding to the border of a web ; Bab. ib. 105a על הגס. Hor.III, 3 אין על גַּבָּיו אלאוכ׳ none over him save the Lord his God.בְּגַב in the back, behind. Y.Keth.XII, 35b top דברים בגב (Bab. 111a בגו) there is something behind, i. e. there is a reason for it.Cmp. כַּף.

    Jewish literature > גַּב

  • 20 día

    m.
    day, twenty-four hours, twenty-four-hour period.
    * * *
    1 day
    ■ ¿qué día es hoy? what day is it today?, what's the date today?
    2 (con luz) daylight, daytime
    3 (tiempo) day, weather
    1 (vida) days
    \
    a la luz del día in daylight
    a los pocos días a few days later
    al despuntar el día at dawn, at daybreak
    al día siguiente / al otro día the following day
    ¡buenos días! good morning!
    cada día / todos los días each day, every day
    dar los buenos días to say good morning
    de día during the day
    de un día para otro from one day to the next, overnight
    del día fresh
    día a día day by day
    el día menos pensado figurado when you least expect it
    estar al día figurado to be up to date
    hacer buen/mal día to be a nice/horrible day
    hasta el fin de sus días to the end of his days
    poner al día to bring up to date
    ser de día to be daylight
    ■ si algún día lo ves... if you ever see him...
    un buen día figurado one fine day
    un día sí y otro no every other day
    vivir al día figurado to live from hand to mouth, not to save a penny
    día de año nuevo New Year's Day
    día de fiesta / día festivo holiday, bank holiday
    día de paga payday
    día lectivo teaching day
    día libre day off
    días alternos every other day sing
    * * *
    noun m.
    1) day
    •
    - día festivo
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=período de 24 horas) day

    a los pocos días — within o after a few days, a few days later

    • día a día — day in day out, day by day

    • siete veces al día — seven times a day

    • ese problema es ya de días — that's an old problem

    • de día en día — from day to day

    • día (de) por medio — LAm every other day, on alternate days

    • ocho días — a week

    • quince días — a fortnight

    • un día sí y otro no — every other day

    • día tras día — day after day

    día azul — (Ferro) cheap ticket day

    día de diario, día de entresemana — weekday

    día de fiesta — holiday, public holiday

    Día de la Raza — = Día de la Hispanidad

    día del espectador — day each week when cinema tickets are discounted

    estaremos aquí hasta el día del Juicio — iró we'll be here till Kingdom come

    Día de los Difuntos — All Souls' Day, Day of the Dead

    día de los inocentes — ≈ April Fools' Day ( 1 April)

    Día de (los) Muertos — Méx All Souls' Day, Day of the Dead

    día de tribunales — day on which courts are open

    día feriado, día festivo — holiday, public holiday

    día franco — (Mil) day's leave

    día malo, día nulo — off day

    días de gracia — (Com) days of grace

    día señalado — [gen] special day; [en calendario] red-letter day

    día útil — working day, weekday

    See:
    ver nota culturelle DÍA DE LOS (SANTOS) INOCENTES in inocente,
    ver nota culturelle DÍA DE REYES in rey
    2) (=no noche) daytime

    hace buen día — the weather's good today, it's a fine day

    • ¡ buenos días!, ¡ buen día! — Cono Sur good morning!

    • de día — by day, during the day

    duerme de día y trabaja de noche — he sleeps by day and works by night, he sleeps during the day and works at night

    • día y noche — night and day

    3) (=fecha) date

    ¿qué día es hoy? — [del mes] what's the date today?; [de la semana] what day is it today?

    iré pronto, pero no puedo precisar el día — I'll be going soon, but I can't give an exact date

    hoy, día cinco de agosto — today, fifth August

    día lunes/martes etc — LAm Monday/Tuesday etc

    • el día de hoy — today

    • el día de mañana — (lit) tomorrow; (fig) at some future date

    4) (=momento sin precisar)

    en los días de la reina Victoria — in Queen Victoria's day, in Queen Victoria's times

    • cualquier día (de estos) — one of these days

    ¡cualquier día! — iró not on your life!

    cualquier día viene — iró we'll be waiting till the cows come home for him to turn up

    ¡cualquier día te voy a comprar una casa! — if you think I'm going to buy you a house you've got another think coming!

    • en nuestros días — nowadays

    la prensa de nuestros días — today's press, the press these days

    • otro día — some other day, another day

    ¡hasta otro día! — so long!

    - ¡tal día hará un año!
    5) (=actualidad)

    • del día — [estilo] fashionable, up-to-date

    (=fresco)

    • estar al día — (=actualizado) to be up to date; (=de moda) to be with it

    quien quiera estar al día en esta especialidad, que lea... — anyone who wishes to keep up to date with this area of study, should read...

    • poner al día — [+ texto, contabilidad] to bring up to date; [+ base de datos] to update; [+ diario] to write up

    • ponerse al día (en algo) — to get up to date (with sth)

    • vivir al día — to live from one day to the next

    * * *
    1)

    el día anterior — the day before, the previous day

    el día siguiente — the next o the following day

    el día de ayer/hoy — (frml) yesterday/today

    una vez/dos veces al día — once/twice a day

    un día sí y otro no — every other day, on alternate days

    día (de) por medio — (AmL) every other day, on alternate days

    dentro de quince días — in two weeks o (BrE) a fortnight

    buenos días or (RPl) buen día — good morning

    al día: estoy al día en los pagos I'm up to date with the payments; ponerse al día con algo <noticias/trabajo> to get up to date on/with something; ponga al día su correspondencia bring your correspondence up to date; de un día para otro overnight, from one day to the next; día y noche day and night, continually; hoy en día nowadays, these days; mantenerse al día to keep abreast of things, keep up to date; todo el santo día all day long; se pasa todo el santo día en el teléfono he's on the phone all day long; vivir al día — to live from hand to mouth

    b) ( jornada) day

    trabajan cuatro días a la semana — they work four days a week, they work a four-day week

    c) ( fecha)

    ¿qué día es hoy? — what day is it today?

    hasta el día 5 de junio — until June fifth, until the fifth of June

    2) ( horas de luz) day

    al caer el día — at dusk, at twilight

    de día claro — (Chi) in broad daylight

    hasta otro día! — so long!, see you!

    en su día: se lo contaré en su día I'll tell him in due course; dio lugar a un gran escándalo en su día it caused a huge scandal in its day o time; un buen día — one fine day

    4) días masculino plural (vida, tiempo) days (pl)

    tiene los días contados — his days are numbered, he won't last long

    estar en sus días — (Méx fam) to have one's period

    hace un día nublado/caluroso — it's cloudy/hot

    •• Cultural note:
    &rarrow; Día de la Raza
    In Latin America, the anniversary of Columbus's discovery of America, October 12. In Spain it is known as día de la Hispanidad. It symbolizes the cultural ties shared by Spanish-speaking countries
    On December 28 people in the Spanish-speaking world celebrate the Feast of the Holy Innocents, a religious festival commemorating the New Testament story of the massacre of the ‘Innocents’, by playing practical jokes, or inocentadas, on one another. The classic inocentada is to hang paper dolls on someone's back without their knowing. Spoof news stories also appear in newspapers and the media
    In Latin America and Spain, Labor Day is celebrated on May Day. In many Latin American countries, where workers still suffer greatly from low wages and bad working conditions, May Day celebrations often have strong overtones of protest
    Celebrated on November 1, is a day on when people place flowers on the graves of loved ones. In Mexico it is common to hold a party by the grave. A feast is prepared, in which the dead person is symbolically included
    * * *
    = date, day.
    Ex. This access is achieved by organising the tools so that a user may search under a specific access point or heading or index term, for example, subject term, author, name, title, date.
    Ex. Most host are not available twenty-four hours a day, seven days of the week.
    ----
    * 24 horas al día = around the clock.
    * 365 días al año = year-round.
    * acabar + Posesivo + días en = end up + Posesivo + days in.
    * a cualquier hora del día o de la noche = at any hour of the day or night, at any time of the day or night.
    * a día de hoy = as of today.
    * a la luz del día = in the light of day.
    * al despuntar el día = at the crack of dawn.
    * al día = in step, paid-up, in good standing.
    * al día de = in step with.
    * al día de hoy = as of today.
    * al día siguiente = the next day.
    * alegrarle el día a Alguien = brighten up + Posesivo + day, make + Posesivo + day.
    * al final del día = at the close of the day.
    * algún día = one day.
    * al romper el día = at the crack of dawn.
    * a medida que + avanzar + el día = as the day + wear on.
    * a medida que + pasar + el día = as the day + wear on.
    * a medida que + transcurrir + el día = as the day + wear on.
    * a plena luz del día = in broad daylight.
    * a un día de distancia de = one day away from.
    * barba de tres días = stubble beard, stubble.
    * barba de tres días de moda = designer stubble.
    * billete para otro día = rain cheque [rain check, -USA].
    * buenos días = good morning.
    * cada día = every day.
    * cada día que pasa = each passing day.
    * cada dos días = every other day.
    * centro de día = day care centre, day centre.
    * centro de día para mayores = day centre for the elderly.
    * como el día y la noche = worlds apart, like oil and water, like chalk and cheese, like apples and oranges.
    * como la noche y el día = like oil and water, worlds apart, like apples and oranges.
    * conforme + avanzar + el día = as the day + wear on.
    * conforme + pasar + el día = as the day + wear on.
    * conforme + transcurrir + el día = as the day + wear on.
    * de cada día = day to day [day-to-day].
    * de cinco días de duración = five-day.
    * de cuatro días de duración = four-day.
    * de día = in the daytime, during the daytime, during daytime.
    * de día a día = from day to day.
    * de día y de noche = day and night, night and day.
    * de dos días de duración = two-day [2-day].
    * de hoy día = of today.
    * de hoy en día = of today.
    * dejar Algo para otro día = take + a rain cheque.
    * del día o de la noche = day or night.
    * de medio día de duración = half-day [half day].
    * de + Número + días de duración = Número + day-long.
    * de puesta al día = top-up.
    * desde el primer día = from day one.
    * desde ese día = since that day.
    * desde + Expresión Temporal + hasta hoy día = from + Expresión Temporal + up to the present day.
    * de una día de duración = one-day.
    * de un día de duración = day-long, full-day.
    * día abrasador = scorcher.
    * día aburrido = dull day.
    * día a día = day by day.
    * día a día de, el = day-to-day running of, the.
    * día a día, el = daily situation.
    * día caluroso = scorcher.
    * día corriente = ordinary day.
    * Día de Acción de Gracias = Thanksgiving.
    * día de compras = shopping trip.
    * día de descanso = holiday.
    * día de entre semana = weekday.
    * día de fiesta = holiday, public holiday.
    * día de la apertura = opening day.
    * día de la boda = wedding day.
    * día de la inauguración = opening day.
    * día de la madre, el = Mother's Day, Mothering Sunday.
    * día de las elecciones = election day.
    * Día de la Tierra = Earth Day.
    * día de la votación = election day.
    * día del deporte = sports day.
    * día del Juicio Final = doomsday, Judgement Day.
    * día de lluvia = rainy day.
    * Día de los Caídos = Memorial Day.
    * día de los enamorados, el = St. Valentine's Day.
    * día de los Reyes Magos, el = Epiphany, the.
    * Día de los (Santos) Inocentes, el = April Fools' Day.
    * día de los trabajadores = Labour Day.
    * día del padre, el = Father's Day.
    * día del trabajo = Labour Day.
    * día de mucho calor = scorcher.
    * día de Navidad = Christmas Day.
    * día de perros = bad hair day.
    * día de San Valentín, el = St. Valentine's Day.
    * día de sol = sunny day.
    * Día de Todos los Santos = All Saints' Day.
    * día de trabajo = working day.
    * día de un santo = saint's day.
    * día de verano = summer day.
    * día escolar = school day.
    * día especial = red-letter day.
    * día + estar por llegar = day + be + yet to come.
    * día festivo = holiday, public holiday, bank holiday.
    * día funesto = bad hair day.
    * día hábil = business day, workday, weekday, working day.
    * día internacional de los trabajadores = Labour Day.
    * día internacional del trabajo = Labour Day.
    * día laborable = workday, business day, weekday, working day.
    * día libre = day off.
    * día libre por trabajo extra = compensatory day off.
    * día lluvioso = rainy day.
    * día malo = bad hair day.
    * día memorable = red-letter day.
    * día normal = ordinary day.
    * día que pasa = passing day.
    * día + romper = day + break.
    * día señalado = red-letter day.
    * día soleado = sunny day.
    * días universitarios = school days.
    * día tras día = day after day, day in and day out, day by day.
    * día veraniego = summer day.
    * día y noche = round the clock, day and night, night and day, around the clock.
    * durante días = for days.
    * durante días y días = for days on end.
    * durante el día = by day, by day, daytime [day-time], in the daytime, during the daytime, during daytime.
    * durante todo el día = all day long.
    * echar muchas horas al día = work + long hours.
    * echársele a Uno el día encima = make + hay while the sun shines.
    * el pan nuestro de cada día = all in a day's work.
    * en días alternos = every other day.
    * en el día a día = in the day to day, in the trenches.
    * en el orden del día = on the agenda.
    * en estos días = today, these days.
    * en los próximos días = in the next few days, over the next few days.
    * en los últimos días = in recent days.
    * en pleno día = in broad daylight.
    * en su día = in its day.
    * entrada para otro día = rain cheque [rain check, -USA].
    * estar a la orden del día = be the order of the day.
    * estar al día = monitor + developments, stay on top of + the game, stay on top of, stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.
    * estos días = these days.
    * excursión de un día de duración = day trip.
    * excursionista de día = day hiker.
    * excursionista de un día = day-tripper.
    * exponer a la luz del día = expose to + daylight.
    * flor de un día = flash in the pan.
    * ganarse el pan de cada día = get + Posesivo + bread, earn + Posesivo + bread, earn + Posesivo + bread and butter.
    * hacer de la noche día = burn + the candle at both ends.
    * hace unos cuantos días = a few days ago.
    * hace unos días = a few days ago.
    * hace unos pocos días = a few days ago.
    * hospital de día = day hospital.
    * hoy día = nowadays, present day, the, today, in this day and age.
    * hoy en día = in this day and age, at the present time.
    * inscripción por un día = day registration.
    * la pesca del día = the day's catch, the catch of the day.
    * leche del día = fresh milk.
    * los 365 días del año = year-round.
    * los días antes de = leading up to.
    * luz del día = daylight.
    * mal día = bad hair day.
    * mantenerse al día = keep up to + date (with), keep up with + the current scene, keep + current.
    * mantenerse al día de = keep + abreast of, keep + pace with, keep up with, stay + abreast of, keep + a finger on the pulse of, stay in + step with, keep in + step with, keep + step with.
    * mantenerse al día de las noticias = keep up with + the news.
    * mantenerse al día de los avances = track + developments.
    * más largo que un día sin pan = as long as (my/your) arm.
    * medio día = one-half day.
    * menú del día = table d'hote, set menu.
    * noche y día = day and night, night and day.
    * Número + al día = Número + a day.
    * orden del día = agenda.
    * pasar los días = spend + Posesivo + days.
    * permanentemente los siete días de la semana = 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
    * píldora del día después = morning-after pill.
    * poner al día = bring + Nombre + up to date, bring + Nombre + up to scratch.
    * poner al día (de) = bring + Nombre + up to speed (on), get + Nombre + up to speed on.
    * ponerse al día = catching up, come up to + speed, get + up to speed.
    * ponerse al día de = catch up on.
    * ponerse al día de un atraso = clear + backlog.
    * ponerse al día en = catch up with.
    * por el día = daytime [day-time], during the daytime, in the daytime, during daytime.
    * por el día o por la noche = day or night.
    * por el día y por la noche = night and day.
    * por el día y por la noche = day and night.
    * puesta al día = catch-up [catchup], updatability, update [up-date].
    * puesta al día del personal = staff development.
    * punto del orden del día = agenda item.
    * seguir al día = remain on top of.
    * ser como el día y la noche = different as night and day.
    * servicio de atención de día = day care.
    * servicio de cuidado de día = day care.
    * sesión de puesta al día = briefing session.
    * sin afeitar desde hace varios días = stubbly [stubblier -comp., stubbliest -sup.].
    * tener los días contados = day + be + numbered, be doomed, doomed, be dead meat, the (hand)writing + be + on the wall, see it + coming.
    * tener un buen día = have + a good day.
    * tener un día muy largo = have + a long day.
    * tener un mal día = have + a bad day.
    * ticket para otro día = rain cheque [rain check, -USA].
    * todo el día = all day, all day long, around the clock.
    * todo el santo día = all day long.
    * todos los días = daily, on a daily basis, every day, day in and day out.
    * tomarse unos días de asuntos propios = take + time off, take + time out, take + time off work.
    * tomarse unos días de descanso = take + a break from work.
    * tomarse unos días de permiso = take + a leave of absence.
    * tomarse unos días de permiso en el trabajo = take + time off work.
    * tomarse unos días de permiso en el trabajo = take + time off, take + time out.
    * tomarse unos días de vacaciones = take + time off, take + time out, take + time off work.
    * trabajar de día y de noche = work + day and night.
    * trabajar día y noche = work + Reflexivo + to the ground, work + Reflexivo + to death, work (a)round + the clock.
    * trabajar las veinticuatro horas del día = work (a)round + the clock.
    * trabajar muchas horas al día = work + long hours.
    * trabajar noche y día = work + day and night.
    * un día de descanso = a day away from.
    * un día fuera = a day out.
    * un día haciendo algo diferente = a day away from.
    * un día normal = on a typical day.
    * un día sí y otro no = every other day.
    * un día sí y otro también = day in and day out.
    * un día tras otro = day after day.
    * un día y medio = one and a half days.
    * unos días más tarde = a few days later.
    * veinticuatro horas al día, siete días a la semana, 365 días al año = 24/7, 24/7/365.
    * ver la luz del día = see + the light of day.
    * visitante turístico de un día = day-tripper.
    * visita turística de una día de duración = day trip.
    * volver a ponerse al día = be back on track, be on track.
    * * *
    1)

    el día anterior — the day before, the previous day

    el día siguiente — the next o the following day

    el día de ayer/hoy — (frml) yesterday/today

    una vez/dos veces al día — once/twice a day

    un día sí y otro no — every other day, on alternate days

    día (de) por medio — (AmL) every other day, on alternate days

    dentro de quince días — in two weeks o (BrE) a fortnight

    buenos días or (RPl) buen día — good morning

    al día: estoy al día en los pagos I'm up to date with the payments; ponerse al día con algo <noticias/trabajo> to get up to date on/with something; ponga al día su correspondencia bring your correspondence up to date; de un día para otro overnight, from one day to the next; día y noche day and night, continually; hoy en día nowadays, these days; mantenerse al día to keep abreast of things, keep up to date; todo el santo día all day long; se pasa todo el santo día en el teléfono he's on the phone all day long; vivir al día — to live from hand to mouth

    b) ( jornada) day

    trabajan cuatro días a la semana — they work four days a week, they work a four-day week

    c) ( fecha)

    ¿qué día es hoy? — what day is it today?

    hasta el día 5 de junio — until June fifth, until the fifth of June

    2) ( horas de luz) day

    al caer el día — at dusk, at twilight

    de día claro — (Chi) in broad daylight

    hasta otro día! — so long!, see you!

    en su día: se lo contaré en su día I'll tell him in due course; dio lugar a un gran escándalo en su día it caused a huge scandal in its day o time; un buen día — one fine day

    4) días masculino plural (vida, tiempo) days (pl)

    tiene los días contados — his days are numbered, he won't last long

    estar en sus días — (Méx fam) to have one's period

    hace un día nublado/caluroso — it's cloudy/hot

    •• Cultural note:
    &rarrow; Día de la Raza
    In Latin America, the anniversary of Columbus's discovery of America, October 12. In Spain it is known as día de la Hispanidad. It symbolizes the cultural ties shared by Spanish-speaking countries
    On December 28 people in the Spanish-speaking world celebrate the Feast of the Holy Innocents, a religious festival commemorating the New Testament story of the massacre of the ‘Innocents’, by playing practical jokes, or inocentadas, on one another. The classic inocentada is to hang paper dolls on someone's back without their knowing. Spoof news stories also appear in newspapers and the media
    In Latin America and Spain, Labor Day is celebrated on May Day. In many Latin American countries, where workers still suffer greatly from low wages and bad working conditions, May Day celebrations often have strong overtones of protest
    Celebrated on November 1, is a day on when people place flowers on the graves of loved ones. In Mexico it is common to hold a party by the grave. A feast is prepared, in which the dead person is symbolically included
    * * *
    = date, day.

    Ex: This access is achieved by organising the tools so that a user may search under a specific access point or heading or index term, for example, subject term, author, name, title, date.

    Ex: Most host are not available twenty-four hours a day, seven days of the week.
    * 24 horas al día = around the clock.
    * 365 días al año = year-round.
    * acabar + Posesivo + días en = end up + Posesivo + days in.
    * a cualquier hora del día o de la noche = at any hour of the day or night, at any time of the day or night.
    * a día de hoy = as of today.
    * a la luz del día = in the light of day.
    * al despuntar el día = at the crack of dawn.
    * al día = in step, paid-up, in good standing.
    * al día de = in step with.
    * al día de hoy = as of today.
    * al día siguiente = the next day.
    * alegrarle el día a Alguien = brighten up + Posesivo + day, make + Posesivo + day.
    * al final del día = at the close of the day.
    * algún día = one day.
    * al romper el día = at the crack of dawn.
    * a medida que + avanzar + el día = as the day + wear on.
    * a medida que + pasar + el día = as the day + wear on.
    * a medida que + transcurrir + el día = as the day + wear on.
    * a plena luz del día = in broad daylight.
    * a un día de distancia de = one day away from.
    * barba de tres días = stubble beard, stubble.
    * barba de tres días de moda = designer stubble.
    * billete para otro día = rain cheque [rain check, -USA].
    * buenos días = good morning.
    * cada día = every day.
    * cada día que pasa = each passing day.
    * cada dos días = every other day.
    * centro de día = day care centre, day centre.
    * centro de día para mayores = day centre for the elderly.
    * como el día y la noche = worlds apart, like oil and water, like chalk and cheese, like apples and oranges.
    * como la noche y el día = like oil and water, worlds apart, like apples and oranges.
    * conforme + avanzar + el día = as the day + wear on.
    * conforme + pasar + el día = as the day + wear on.
    * conforme + transcurrir + el día = as the day + wear on.
    * de cada día = day to day [day-to-day].
    * de cinco días de duración = five-day.
    * de cuatro días de duración = four-day.
    * de día = in the daytime, during the daytime, during daytime.
    * de día a día = from day to day.
    * de día y de noche = day and night, night and day.
    * de dos días de duración = two-day [2-day].
    * de hoy día = of today.
    * de hoy en día = of today.
    * dejar Algo para otro día = take + a rain cheque.
    * del día o de la noche = day or night.
    * de medio día de duración = half-day [half day].
    * de + Número + días de duración = Número + day-long.
    * de puesta al día = top-up.
    * desde el primer día = from day one.
    * desde ese día = since that day.
    * desde + Expresión Temporal + hasta hoy día = from + Expresión Temporal + up to the present day.
    * de una día de duración = one-day.
    * de un día de duración = day-long, full-day.
    * día abrasador = scorcher.
    * día aburrido = dull day.
    * día a día = day by day.
    * día a día de, el = day-to-day running of, the.
    * día a día, el = daily situation.
    * día caluroso = scorcher.
    * día corriente = ordinary day.
    * Día de Acción de Gracias = Thanksgiving.
    * día de compras = shopping trip.
    * día de descanso = holiday.
    * día de entre semana = weekday.
    * día de fiesta = holiday, public holiday.
    * día de la apertura = opening day.
    * día de la boda = wedding day.
    * día de la inauguración = opening day.
    * día de la madre, el = Mother's Day, Mothering Sunday.
    * día de las elecciones = election day.
    * Día de la Tierra = Earth Day.
    * día de la votación = election day.
    * día del deporte = sports day.
    * día del Juicio Final = doomsday, Judgement Day.
    * día de lluvia = rainy day.
    * Día de los Caídos = Memorial Day.
    * día de los enamorados, el = St. Valentine's Day.
    * día de los Reyes Magos, el = Epiphany, the.
    * Día de los (Santos) Inocentes, el = April Fools' Day.
    * día de los trabajadores = Labour Day.
    * día del padre, el = Father's Day.
    * día del trabajo = Labour Day.
    * día de mucho calor = scorcher.
    * día de Navidad = Christmas Day.
    * día de perros = bad hair day.
    * día de San Valentín, el = St. Valentine's Day.
    * día de sol = sunny day.
    * Día de Todos los Santos = All Saints' Day.
    * día de trabajo = working day.
    * día de un santo = saint's day.
    * día de verano = summer day.
    * día escolar = school day.
    * día especial = red-letter day.
    * día + estar por llegar = day + be + yet to come.
    * día festivo = holiday, public holiday, bank holiday.
    * día funesto = bad hair day.
    * día hábil = business day, workday, weekday, working day.
    * día internacional de los trabajadores = Labour Day.
    * día internacional del trabajo = Labour Day.
    * día laborable = workday, business day, weekday, working day.
    * día libre = day off.
    * día libre por trabajo extra = compensatory day off.
    * día lluvioso = rainy day.
    * día malo = bad hair day.
    * día memorable = red-letter day.
    * día normal = ordinary day.
    * día que pasa = passing day.
    * día + romper = day + break.
    * día señalado = red-letter day.
    * día soleado = sunny day.
    * días universitarios = school days.
    * día tras día = day after day, day in and day out, day by day.
    * día veraniego = summer day.
    * día y noche = round the clock, day and night, night and day, around the clock.
    * durante días = for days.
    * durante días y días = for days on end.
    * durante el día = by day, by day, daytime [day-time], in the daytime, during the daytime, during daytime.
    * durante todo el día = all day long.
    * echar muchas horas al día = work + long hours.
    * echársele a Uno el día encima = make + hay while the sun shines.
    * el pan nuestro de cada día = all in a day's work.
    * en días alternos = every other day.
    * en el día a día = in the day to day, in the trenches.
    * en el orden del día = on the agenda.
    * en estos días = today, these days.
    * en los próximos días = in the next few days, over the next few days.
    * en los últimos días = in recent days.
    * en pleno día = in broad daylight.
    * en su día = in its day.
    * entrada para otro día = rain cheque [rain check, -USA].
    * estar a la orden del día = be the order of the day.
    * estar al día = monitor + developments, stay on top of + the game, stay on top of, stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.
    * estos días = these days.
    * excursión de un día de duración = day trip.
    * excursionista de día = day hiker.
    * excursionista de un día = day-tripper.
    * exponer a la luz del día = expose to + daylight.
    * flor de un día = flash in the pan.
    * ganarse el pan de cada día = get + Posesivo + bread, earn + Posesivo + bread, earn + Posesivo + bread and butter.
    * hacer de la noche día = burn + the candle at both ends.
    * hace unos cuantos días = a few days ago.
    * hace unos días = a few days ago.
    * hace unos pocos días = a few days ago.
    * hospital de día = day hospital.
    * hoy día = nowadays, present day, the, today, in this day and age.
    * hoy en día = in this day and age, at the present time.
    * inscripción por un día = day registration.
    * la pesca del día = the day's catch, the catch of the day.
    * leche del día = fresh milk.
    * los 365 días del año = year-round.
    * los días antes de = leading up to.
    * luz del día = daylight.
    * mal día = bad hair day.
    * mantenerse al día = keep up to + date (with), keep up with + the current scene, keep + current.
    * mantenerse al día de = keep + abreast of, keep + pace with, keep up with, stay + abreast of, keep + a finger on the pulse of, stay in + step with, keep in + step with, keep + step with.
    * mantenerse al día de las noticias = keep up with + the news.
    * mantenerse al día de los avances = track + developments.
    * más largo que un día sin pan = as long as (my/your) arm.
    * medio día = one-half day.
    * menú del día = table d'hote, set menu.
    * noche y día = day and night, night and day.
    * Número + al día = Número + a day.
    * orden del día = agenda.
    * pasar los días = spend + Posesivo + days.
    * permanentemente los siete días de la semana = 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
    * píldora del día después = morning-after pill.
    * poner al día = bring + Nombre + up to date, bring + Nombre + up to scratch.
    * poner al día (de) = bring + Nombre + up to speed (on), get + Nombre + up to speed on.
    * ponerse al día = catching up, come up to + speed, get + up to speed.
    * ponerse al día de = catch up on.
    * ponerse al día de un atraso = clear + backlog.
    * ponerse al día en = catch up with.
    * por el día = daytime [day-time], during the daytime, in the daytime, during daytime.
    * por el día o por la noche = day or night.
    * por el día y por la noche = night and day.
    * por el día y por la noche = day and night.
    * puesta al día = catch-up [catchup], updatability, update [up-date].
    * puesta al día del personal = staff development.
    * punto del orden del día = agenda item.
    * seguir al día = remain on top of.
    * ser como el día y la noche = different as night and day.
    * servicio de atención de día = day care.
    * servicio de cuidado de día = day care.
    * sesión de puesta al día = briefing session.
    * sin afeitar desde hace varios días = stubbly [stubblier -comp., stubbliest -sup.].
    * tener los días contados = day + be + numbered, be doomed, doomed, be dead meat, the (hand)writing + be + on the wall, see it + coming.
    * tener un buen día = have + a good day.
    * tener un día muy largo = have + a long day.
    * tener un mal día = have + a bad day.
    * ticket para otro día = rain cheque [rain check, -USA].
    * todo el día = all day, all day long, around the clock.
    * todo el santo día = all day long.
    * todos los días = daily, on a daily basis, every day, day in and day out.
    * tomarse unos días de asuntos propios = take + time off, take + time out, take + time off work.
    * tomarse unos días de descanso = take + a break from work.
    * tomarse unos días de permiso = take + a leave of absence.
    * tomarse unos días de permiso en el trabajo = take + time off work.
    * tomarse unos días de permiso en el trabajo = take + time off, take + time out.
    * tomarse unos días de vacaciones = take + time off, take + time out, take + time off work.
    * trabajar de día y de noche = work + day and night.
    * trabajar día y noche = work + Reflexivo + to the ground, work + Reflexivo + to death, work (a)round + the clock.
    * trabajar las veinticuatro horas del día = work (a)round + the clock.
    * trabajar muchas horas al día = work + long hours.
    * trabajar noche y día = work + day and night.
    * un día de descanso = a day away from.
    * un día fuera = a day out.
    * un día haciendo algo diferente = a day away from.
    * un día normal = on a typical day.
    * un día sí y otro no = every other day.
    * un día sí y otro también = day in and day out.
    * un día tras otro = day after day.
    * un día y medio = one and a half days.
    * unos días más tarde = a few days later.
    * veinticuatro horas al día, siete días a la semana, 365 días al año = 24/7, 24/7/365.
    * ver la luz del día = see + the light of day.
    * visitante turístico de un día = day-tripper.
    * visita turística de una día de duración = day trip.
    * volver a ponerse al día = be back on track, be on track.

    * * *
    A
    ¿qué día es hoy? what day is it today?
    todos los días every day
    no es algo que pase todos los días it's not something that happens every day, it's not an everyday occurrence
    el día anterior the day before, the previous day
    el día siguiente era domingo the next o the following day was Sunday
    al día siguiente or al otro día volvió a suceder it happened again the following o the next day
    el día de ayer/hoy ( frml); yesterday/today
    una vez/dos veces al día once/twice a day
    trabaja doce horas por día she works twelve hours a day, she works a twelve-hour day
    un día sí y otro no every other day, on alternate days
    día (de) por medio ( AmL); every other day, on alternate days
    dentro de quince días in two weeks o ( BrE) a fortnight
    el otro día la vi I saw her the other day
    está cada día más delgado he gets thinner every day o with every day that passes
    viene cada día a quejarse he comes here every day to complain
    la lucha de cada día the daily struggle
    buenos días or ( RPl) buen día good morning
    día a día lo veía envejecer day by day she saw him getting older
    le entregaba día a día una cantidad determinada he gave her a certain amount of money every day o daily o on a daily basis
    día tras día day after day
    al día: ¿tienes el trabajo al día? is your work all up to date?
    estoy al día en los pagos I'm up to date with the payments
    está siempre al día con las noticias he's always well up on the news
    ponga al día su correspondencia bring your correspondence up to date
    ponerse al día con algo (con las noticias) to get up to date with sth; (con el trabajo) to catch up on sth
    el día a día the daily round o routine
    (de) tal día hará un año see if I/we care
    de un día para otro overnight, from one day to the next
    día y noche day and night, continually
    hoy en día nowadays, these days
    mantenerse al día to keep abreast of things, keep up to date
    todo el santo día all day long
    se pasa todo el santo día hablando por teléfono he's on the phone all day long, he spends the whole day on the phone
    2 (jornada) day
    trabajan cuatro días a la semana they work four days a week, they work a four-day week
    un día laborable de 8 horas an eight-hour working day
    (fecha): la reunión que tuvo lugar el día 17 the meeting which took place on the 17th
    empieza el día dos it starts on the second
    hasta el día 5 de junio until June fifth, until the fifth of June
    pan del día fresh bread, bread baked today
    vivir al día to live from hand to mouth
    orden2 (↑ orden (2)), menú
    Compuestos:
    day of reckoning
    el día de Año Nuevo New Year's Day
    day off
    weekday
    (de pedido) delivery date; (de trabajo, tarea) deadline; (de solicitudes) closing date
    el día de entrega de regalos es el 24 de diciembre the date for giving presents is December 24
    weekday
    day of atonement
    holiday
    ( Esp): el día de la Hispanidad Columbus Day; Día de la Raza (↑ día aa1)
    independence day
    Mother's Day
    ( AmL): el día de la raza Columbus Day
    el día del juicio final Judgment Day, the Day of Judgment
    (national) book day
    gay pride day
    el día del Señor the Lord's Day
    ● día del trabajo or de los trabajadores
    el día del trabajo or de los trabajadores Labor* day
    Día del Trabajo (↑ día aaaa1)
    ( Esp): el día de los difuntos All Souls' Day
    Día de todos los Santos or (in Spain) de los Difuntos or (in Latin America) de los Muertos (↑ día aaaaa1)
    (St) Valentine's Day
    December 28 ( day when people play practical jokes on each other), ≈ April Fool's Day Día de los (Santos) Inocentes (↑ día aaa1)
    ( AmL): el día de los muertos All Souls' Day
    Día de todos los Santos or (in Spain) de los Difuntos or (in Latin America) de los Muertos (↑ día aaaaa1)
    el día de San Valentín (St) Valentine's Day
    Día de todos los Santos or (in Spain) de los Difuntos or (in Latin America) de los Muertos (↑ día aaaaa1)
    (de carnet, licencia) expiration date ( AmE), expiry date ( BrE); (de intereses, letra, pago) due date; (de plazo) closing date
    ● día festivo or ( AmL tb) feriado
    public holiday
    working day
    working day
    school ( o college etc) day
    (sin trabajo) day off; (sin compromisos) free day
    sidereal day
    solar day
    calendar days
    duerme durante el día it sleeps during the day o daytime
    ya era de día it was already light o day
    al caer el día at dusk, at twilight
    nunca ve la luz del día he never sees the daylight
    en pleno día in broad daylight
    de día claro ( Chi); in broad daylight
    tienes que pasar por casa un día you must drop in sometime o some day o one day
    si un día te aburres y te quieres ir … if one day you get fed up and you want to leave …
    ya me lo agradecerás algún día you'll thank me for it one day
    el día que tengas hijos, sabrás lo que es when you have children of your own, you'll know just what it involves
    ¿cuándo será el día que te vea entusiasmada? when will I ever see you show some enthusiasm?
    si el plan se realiza algún día if the plan is ever put into effect, if the plan is one day put into effect
    lo haremos otro día we'll do it another o some other time
    un día de estos one of these days
    ¡hasta otro día! so long!, see you!
    ¡cualquier día! ( iró): podríamos invitarlos a cenar — ¡cualquier día! we could have them round for dinner — over my dead body!
    cualquier día vuelvo yo a prestarle el coche that's the last time I lend him the car, no way will I ever lend him the car again! ( colloq)
    quizás nos ofrece más dinero — ¡cualquier día! maybe he'll offer us more money — sure, and pigs might fly! ( iro)
    el día menos pensado when you least expect it
    en su día: compraremos las provisiones en su día we'll buy our supplies later on o in due course
    dio lugar a un gran escándalo en su día it caused a huge scandal in its day o time
    un buen día one fine day
    D días mpl (vida, tiempo) days (pl)
    tiene los días contados his days are numbered, he won't last long
    desde el siglo XVII hasta nuestros días from the 17th Century to the present day
    en días de tu bisabuelo back in your great-grandfather's day o time
    estar en sus días ( Méx fam); to have one's period
    hace un día nublado/caluroso it's a cloudy/hot day, it's cloudy/hot
    * * *

     

    día sustantivo masculino
    1


    día a día day by day;
    de or durante el día during the day;
    el día anterior the day before, the previous day;
    el día siguiente the next o the following day;
    trabaja doce horas por día she works twelve hours a day;
    un día sí y otro no or (AmL) día (de) por medio every other day, on alternate days;
    dentro de quince días in two weeks o (BrE) a fortnight;
    cada día every day;
    buenos días or (RPl) buen día good morning;
    al día: una vez al día once a day;
    estoy al día en los pagos I'm up to date with the payments;
    poner algo al día to bring sth up to date;
    ponerse al día con algo ( con noticias) to get up to date with sth;

    ( con trabajo) to catch up on sth;
    ◊ mantenerse al día to keep up to date;

    de un día para otro overnight;
    hoy en día nowadays, these days
    b) ( fecha):

    ◊ ¿qué día es hoy? what day is it today?;

    empieza el día dos it starts on the second;
    el día de Año Nuevo New Year's Day;
    día de los enamorados (St) Valentine's Day;
    día de los inocentes December 28, ≈ April Fool's Day;
    día de Reyes Epiphany;
    día festivo or (AmL) feriado public holiday;
    día laborable working day;
    día libre ( sin trabajo) day off;

    ( sin compromisos) free day
    2


    lo haremos otro día we'll do it some other time;
    un día de estos one of these days;
    ¡hasta otro día! so long!, see you!;
    el día menos pensado when you least expect it
    b)

    ◊ días sustantivo masculino plural (vida, tiempo) days (pl);

    tiene los días contados his days are numbered;
    hasta nuestros días (up) to the present day
    día sustantivo masculino day
    una vez al día, once a day
    (fecha) ¿qué día es hoy?, what's the date today?
    (estado del tiempo) hace buen/mal día, it's a nice/bad day o the weather is nice/bad today
    (periodo de luz diurna) daytime, daylight: duerme durante el día y trabaja por la noche, she sleeps during the daytime and works at night
    (momento, ocasión) el día que me toque la lotería, the day I win the lottery
    se lo diré otro día, I'll tell him some other day
    Día de la Madre, Mothers' Day
    día festivo, holiday
    día hábil/ laborable, working day
    día lectivo, school day
    día libre, free day, day off
    día natural, day
    ♦ Locuciones: al día, up to date
    día a día, day by day
    de día, by day, during daylight
    de un día para otro, overnight
    del día, fresh
    día y noche, twenty-four hours a day, constantly
    el día de mañana, in the future
    el otro día, the other day
    hoy (en) día, nowadays
    ' día' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    A
    - actual
    - ancha
    - ancho
    - anochecer
    - anterior
    - asueto
    - barriga
    - bastante
    - bocado
    - bregar
    - cada
    - caer
    - cascar
    - cháchara
    - comida
    - concebir
    - danza
    - de
    - dejar
    - descanso
    - desgraciada
    - desgraciado
    - después
    - despuntar
    - devenir
    - disgusto
    - dos
    - durante
    - encerrarse
    - encima
    - estar
    - fastidiarse
    - festiva
    - festivo
    - fiesta
    - fijar
    - flipar
    - flor
    - gay
    - golfa
    - golfo
    - gozosa
    - gozoso
    - hasta
    - histórica
    - histórico
    - hoy
    - infeliz
    - inocentada
    English:
    A
    - abreast
    - act up
    - adjourn
    - after
    - agenda
    - all
    - antisexist
    - any
    - April Fools' Day
    - aspire
    - average
    - bad
    - before
    - Boxing Day
    - bread
    - break
    - bright
    - brightness
    - by
    - carry over
    - catch up
    - Christmas Day
    - clear
    - clock
    - close
    - commute
    - coop up
    - crack
    - cranberry
    - cream
    - daily
    - date
    - dawn
    - day
    - day off
    - day shift
    - day trip
    - daylight
    - daytime
    - delightful
    - dinner
    - disastrous
    - do
    - doomsday
    - dream
    - entire
    - eruption
    - escape
    - event
    * * *
    día nm
    1. [periodo de tiempo] day;
    un día de campo a day out in the countryside;
    todos los días every day;
    tres veces al día three times a day;
    iremos unos días a la playa we're going to the seaside for a few days;
    el referéndum se celebrará el día 25 de abril the referendum will take place on 25 April;
    un día martes one Tuesday;
    me voy el día 8 I'm going on the 8th;
    me pagan el primer día de cada mes I get paid on the first of each month;
    ¿a qué día estamos? what day is it today?;
    al día siguiente (on) the following day;
    a los pocos días a few days later;
    al otro día the next day, the day after;
    el otro día the other day;
    un día sí y otro no every other day;
    Fam Hum Am
    día por medio every other day;
    algún día me lo agradecerás you'll thank me some day;
    tienes que venir por casa algún día you should come round some time o one day;
    ¡buenos días!, RP [m5]¡buen día! good morning!;
    un día me voy a enfadar one of these days I'm going to get angry;
    cualquier o [m5] un día de éstos one of these days;
    el día de mañana in the future;
    el día menos pensado… when you least expect it…;
    el día que se entere, nos mata when he finds out, he'll kill us;
    de día en día, día a día from day to day, day by day;
    se recuperó de un día a o [m5] para otro he recovered overnight o from one day to the next;
    día tras día, Méx [m5] día con día day after day;
    Méx Fam
    estar en sus días to be having one's period;
    este pan está seco, no es del día this bread's stale, it's not fresh;
    ha sido la noticia del día it was the news of the day;
    en su día: en su día te lo explicaré I'll explain it to you in due course;
    en su día les advertí que esa inversión sería imposible I told them at the time that the investment would be impossible;
    la pintura abstracta no fue valorada en su día in its day abstract art wasn't highly thought of;
    hoy (en) día these days, nowadays;
    hoy no es mi día, todo me sale mal it isn't my day today, I seem to be doing everything wrong;
    mañana será otro día tomorrow's another day;
    tener un buen/mal día to have a good/bad day;
    has estado todo el (santo) día protestando you've been complaining all day (long), you've spent the whole day complaining;
    no ha parado de llover en todo el (santo) día it hasn't stopped raining all day;
    Fam
    un día es un día this is a special occasion;
    Fam
    tener mis/tus/sus/etc.[m5] días: ¿qué tal es tu compañero de casa? – tiene sus días what's your flatmate like? – he has his moments;
    vivir al día to live from hand to mouth
    día de Año Nuevo New Year's Day; RP Fam el día del arquero when pigs learn to fly;
    día de asueto day off;
    día de ayuno holy day;
    Ferroc día azul = cheap day for rail travel in Spain; Esp día de la banderita Red Cross Day; RP día del canillita = day on which newspaper sellers do not work;
    día de colegio school day;
    día D D-day;
    día de descanso [en competición deportiva] rest day;
    Com día de deuda pay-by date; Esp Día de Difuntos All Souls' Day;
    día de los enamorados (St) Valentine's Day;
    día del espectador = day when some cinemas sell tickets at a discount;
    día festivo (public) holiday;
    día de fiesta holiday;
    RP Fam día del golero when pigs learn to fly; Com días de gracia days of grace;
    día de guardar holy day;
    día hábil working day, US workday;
    Día de la Hispanidad = day celebrating Columbus's landing in America [12 October], US ≈ Columbus Day;
    día de huelga day of action;
    Día de los Inocentes 28 December, ≈ April Fools' Day;
    el día del Juicio:
    Fam
    hasta el día del Juicio until doomsday;
    el Día del Juicio Final Judgement Day;
    día laborable working day, US workday;
    día lectivo school o teaching day;
    día libre day off;
    día de la madre Mother's Day;
    Am Día de los Muertos All Souls' Day;
    día del padre Father's Day;
    día de pago payday;
    Am día patrio national holiday [commemorating important historical event]; Am Día de la Raza = day commemorating Columbus's landing in America [12 October], US ≈ Columbus Day;
    Día de Reyes Epiphany [6 January, day on which children receive presents];
    Ferroc día rojo = day on which rail travel is more expensive in Spain;
    Día de San Valentín (St) Valentine's Day;
    RP día sándwich = day between a public holiday and a weekend, which is also taken as a holiday; Esp Día de los Santos Difuntos All Souls' Day;
    día señalado red-letter day;
    el Día del Señor Corpus Christi;
    Día de Todos los Santos All Saints' Day;
    día del trabajador Labour Day;
    día de trabajo working day, US workday;
    me pagan por día de trabajo I get paid for each day's work;
    día útil working day, US workday;
    día de vigilia day of abstinence
    2. [luz diurna] daytime, day;
    los días son más cortos en invierno the days are shorter in winter;
    al caer el día at dusk;
    al despuntar o [m5] romper el día at daybreak o dawn;
    día y noche day and night;
    en pleno día, a plena luz del día in broad daylight;
    de día in the daytime, during the day;
    es de día it's daytime;
    despierta, ya es de día wake up, it's morning o it's already light;
    hacer algo de día to do sth in the daytime o during the day;
    como el día a la noche: son tan parecidos como el día a la noche they are as like as chalk and cheese
    3. [tiempo atmosférico] day;
    un día lluvioso a rainy day;
    hacía un día caluroso/invernal it was a hot/wintry day;
    hace un día estupendo para pasear it's a lovely day for a walk, it's lovely weather for walking;
    hace buen/mal día it's a lovely/dismal day;
    mañana hará un mal día tomorrow the weather will be bad;
    ¿qué tal día hace? what's the weather like today?
    4.
    días [tiempo, vida] days;
    desde entonces hasta nuestros días from that time until the present;
    en los días de la República in the days of the Republic;
    en mis días in my day;
    en aquellos días no había televisión in those days we didn't have television;
    en aquellos días de felicidad in those happy times;
    terminó sus días en la pobreza he ended his days in poverty;
    no pasar los días por o [m5]para alguien: los días no pasan por o [m5] para ella she doesn't look her age;
    tener los días contados: el régimen/tigre de Bengala tiene los días contados the regime's/Bengal tiger's days are numbered
    5. [tanto, corriente]
    estar al día to be up to date;
    está al día de todo lo que ocurre en la región she's up to date with everything that's going on in the region;
    estamos al día de todos nuestros pagos we're up to date with all our payments;
    poner algo/a alguien al día to update sth/sb;
    ya me han puesto al día sobre la situación de la empresa they've already updated me o filled me in on the company's situation;
    tenemos que poner este informe al día we have to update this report o bring this report up to date;
    se ha puesto al día de los últimos acontecimientos he's caught up with the latest developments
    * * *
    m
    ¿qué día es hoy?, ¿a qué día estamos? what day is it today?;
    al día siguiente the following o next day, the day after;
    el otro día the other day;
    un día sí y otro no every other day;
    un día sí y otro también every day, day in day out;
    día por medio every other day;
    día tras día day after day;
    para otro from one day to the next;
    de día en día from day to day;
    todo el santo día all day long;
    todos los días every day;
    de hoy en ocho días a week from today o from now;
    a los pocos días a few days later;
    mañana será otro día tomorrow’s another day
    :
    al día up to date;
    poner al día update, bring up to date
    3
    :
    de día by day, during the day;
    ya es de día it’s light already;
    se hizo de día dawn o day broke;
    día y noche night and day;
    ¡buenos días! good morning!
    4
    :
    hace mal día tiempo it’s a nasty day
    5
    :
    algún día, un día some day, one day;
    un día de estos one of these days;
    un día es un día this is a special occasion;
    el día menos pensado when you least expect it;
    el día de mañana in the future, one day;
    el día a día the day-to-day routine;
    hoy en día nowadays;
    en su día in due course;
    tiene sus días contados his/her/its days are numbered;
    ¡hasta otro día! see you around!;
    del día pan fresh
    * * *
    día nm
    1) : day
    todos los días: every day
    2) : daytime, daylight
    de día: by day, in the daytime
    en pleno día: in broad daylight
    3)
    al día : up-to-date
    4)
    en su día : in due time
    * * *
    día n
    ¿qué día es hoy? what day is it today?
    2. (horas de luz) daytime / daylight

    Spanish-English dictionary > día

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